IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/hal/wpaper/halshs-00809630.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Inadéquation des qualifications et fracture spatiale

Author

Listed:
  • Frédéric Gavrel

    (TEPP - Travail, Emploi et Politiques Publiques - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Nathalie Georges

    (ENSAE Paris - École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique)

  • Yannick L'Horty

    (TEPP - Travail, Emploi et Politiques Publiques - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ERUDITE - Equipe de Recherche sur l’Utilisation des Données Individuelles en lien avec la Théorie Economique - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12)

  • Isabelle Lebon

    (TEPP - Travail, Emploi et Politiques Publiques - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

Dans un contexte de chômage élevé, les grandes villes connaissent une ségrégation urbaine qui conduit certains habitants à s'installer dans des zones très éloignées du centre actif de la ville. Tant le manque d'emploi que la fracture spatiale créent des problèmes sociaux tels que les décideurs publics locaux sont amenés à mettre en œuvre des politiques susceptibles de les combattre. Pour étudier analytiquement les effets de ces politiques, nous construisons un modèle d'économie urbaine dans lequel un processus d'appariement avec agents hétérogènes représente le fonctionnement du marché du travail local. Ce modèle nous permet d'étudier les effets d'une large gamme d'interventions publiques. Il existe des politiques efficaces pour réduire le chômage, en abaisser la durée et diminuer les inégalités sociales, telle une baisse des coûts de transport, le développement des actions de formation ou encore, la densification de l'habitat. Mais ces politiques restent sans efficacité contre la fracture spatiale et la ségrégation urbaine. Seule une politique de logement social peut réduire les inégalités spatiales mais ses effets sur le chômage ne sont pas favorables. C'est pourquoi il importe de combiner les instruments de politique publique pour pouvoir combattre à la fois le chômage et la fracture spatiale. Associer la construction de logements sociaux à une politique de formation (qui limite les conséquences de l'inadéquation entre qualifications offertes et demandées) ou au subventionnement des frais de transport permettrait d'atteindre les objectifs visés ; cependant, l'ampleur de ces mesures reste limitée par les capacités de financement.

Suggested Citation

  • Frédéric Gavrel & Nathalie Georges & Yannick L'Horty & Isabelle Lebon, 2012. "Inadéquation des qualifications et fracture spatiale," Working Papers halshs-00809630, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-00809630
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00809630
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00809630/document
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rogers, Cynthia L., 1997. "Job Search and Unemployment Duration: Implications for the Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 109-132, July.
    2. Marimon, Ramon & Zilibotti, Fabrizio, 1999. "Unemployment vs. Mismatch of Talents: Reconsidering Unemployment Benefits," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 109(455), pages 266-291, April.
    3. Fujita,Masahisa, 1991. "Urban Economic Theory," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521396455.
    4. Wasmer, Etienne & Zenou, Yves, 2006. "Equilibrium search unemployment with explicit spatial frictions," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 143-165, April.
    5. Nathalie Georges & Yannick L'Horty & Florent Sari, 2012. "Comment réduire la fracture spatiale ? Une application en Ile-de-France," TEPP Research Report 2012-07, TEPP.
    6. Frédéric GARVEL & Isabelle LEBON, 2008. "Salaire minimum, allocations chômage et efficacité du marché du travail," Discussion Papers (REL - Recherches Economiques de Louvain) 2008013, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES).
    7. Christopher A. Pissarides, 2000. "Equilibrium Unemployment Theory, 2nd Edition," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262161877, April.
    8. Sandra Cavaco & Jean-Yves Lesueur, 2002. "Contraintes spatiales et accès à l'emploi : Applications microéconomiques à partir de l'enquête TDE," Post-Print halshs-00178151, HAL.
    9. Zenou, Yves, 2000. "Urban unemployment, agglomeration and transportation policies," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(1), pages 97-133, July.
    10. Sandra Cavaco & Jean-Yves Lesueur, 2004. "Contraintes spatiales et durée de chômage," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 18(3), pages 229-257.
    11. Brueckner, Jan K. & Martin, Richard W., 1997. "Spatial mismatch: An equilibrium analysis," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(6), pages 693-714, November.
    12. John F. Kain, 1968. "Housing Segregation, Negro Employment, and Metropolitan Decentralization," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 82(2), pages 175-197.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Nathalie Georges & Yannick L'Horty & Florent Sari, 2012. "Comment réduire la fracture spatiale ? Une application en Ile-de-France," TEPP Research Report 2012-07, TEPP.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zenou, Yves, 2009. "Search in cities," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 53(6), pages 607-624, August.
    2. Laurent Gobillon & Harris Selod & Yves Zenou, 2007. "The Mechanisms of Spatial Mismatch," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 44(12), pages 2401-2427, November.
    3. Zenou, Yves, 2009. "Urban search models under high-relocation costs. Theory and application to spatial mismatch," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 534-546, October.
    4. Harris Selod & Yves Zenou, 2006. "City Structure, Job Search and Labour Discrimination: Theory and Policy Implications," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 116(514), pages 1057-1087, October.
    5. Smith, Tony E. & Zenou, Yves, 2003. "Spatial mismatch, search effort, and urban spatial structure," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(1), pages 129-156, July.
    6. Laurent Gobillon & Harris Selod & Yves Zenou, 2002. "Spatial Mismatch : From the Hypothesis of the Theories," Working Papers 2002-57, Center for Research in Economics and Statistics.
    7. Zenou, Yves, 2011. "Search, migration, and urban land use: The case of transportation policies," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 96(2), pages 174-187, November.
    8. Zenou, Yves & Boccard, Nicolas, 2000. "Racial Discrimination and Redlining in Cities," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(2), pages 260-285, September.
    9. Emmanuel Duguet & Yannick L'Horty & Florent Sari, 2010. "Housing ownership, social housing and unemployment: an econometric analysis of the Paris area," Working Papers halshs-00809693, HAL.
    10. Zenou, Yves, 2007. "High Relocation Costs in Search-Matching Models: Theory and Application to Spatial Mismatch," IZA Discussion Papers 2739, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    11. Yannick L'Horty, 2014. "La persistance du chômage ultra-marin," Working Papers halshs-01100366, HAL.
    12. Selod, Harris & Zenou, Yves, 2003. "Does City Structure Affect the Labor Market Outcomes of Black Workers?," IZA Discussion Papers 928, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    13. Phillips, David C., 2014. "Getting to work: Experimental evidence on job search and transportation costs," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 72-82.
    14. Vincent Boitier, 2013. "Endogenous city size in urban search models: the case of high reallocation costs," ERSA conference papers ersa13p590, European Regional Science Association.
    15. Gautier, Pieter A. & Zenou, Yves, 2010. "Car ownership and the labor market of ethnic minorities," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(3), pages 392-403, May.
    16. Harris Selod & Laurent Gobillon, 2007. "Les déterminants locaux du chômage en région parisienne," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 180(4), pages 19-38.
    17. Carole Brunet & Jean-Yves Lesueur, 2003. "Do homeowners stay unemployed longer ? A French micro-econometric study," Post-Print halshs-00178576, HAL.
    18. Sato, Yasuhiro & Xiao, Wei, 2015. "Land development, search frictions and city structure," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 63-76.
    19. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/8984 is not listed on IDEAS
    20. Jacques-François Thisse & Etienne Wasmer & Yves Zenou, 2003. "Ségrégation urbaine, logement et marchés du travail," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 17(4), pages 85-129.
    21. Nicolas Juste & Moez Kilani, 2022. "Modeling the impact of transportation on urban segregation and unemployment [Modélisation de l'impact des transports sur la ségrégation urbaine et le chômage]," Post-Print hal-03738609, HAL.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ségrégation urbaine; fracture spatiale;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-00809630. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: CCSD (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.