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Trade in services: Cross-border trade vs commercial presence. Evidence of complementarity

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  • Carolina Lennon

    (PJSE - Paris-Jourdan Sciences Economiques - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne)

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the relationship between cross border trade in services (Mode 1) and commercial presence in services (Mode 3). I postulate that these two modes of supply facilitate each other, and that, in contrast to the manufacturing sector, this complementarity might occur even at the level of horizontal investment. For the empirical analysis I make use of bilateral data on US majority-owned foreign affiliate operations (MOFAs). The same exercise is carried for the case of goods sectors. After using two different estimating techniques, results confirm the intuition, not only Mode1 and Mode 3 in services are complements but also the complementarity relationship is stronger than that found in the case of goods. Moreover, the complementarity between this two modes of supply, for the case of services, is also found at the level of horizontal FDI.

Suggested Citation

  • Carolina Lennon, 2008. "Trade in services: Cross-border trade vs commercial presence. Evidence of complementarity," Working Papers halshs-00586217, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-00586217
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00586217
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    References listed on IDEAS

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