AI's impact on work and employment: A comprehensive review and critical assessment of existing literature[Le travail et l'emploi à l'épreuve de l'IA : État des lieux et analyse critique de la littérature]

This report offers a critical and nuanced analysis of the challenges related to the introduction of AI in companies and institutions, going beyond simplistic discourses on the benefits of workplace automation and fears of job losses. It highlights the crucial importance of organisational choices and worker participation in the deployment of AI. The effects of AI on employment and working conditions are not predetermined, but largely depend on decisions made by firms/institutions and social actors. This report also warns against AI risks for work (increased subordination, reliability of actions, meaning of work, decreased creativity and standardization of thought and products) and excessive concentration of market power in firms developing or deploying AI, and calls for renewed regulation to prevent potential abuses for work and employment. To achieve this, the report recommends an approach based on four pillars for sustainable use of AI that preserves employment and work: developing organisations' learning capacity, renewed social dialogue, participatory project management that values professional experience, and in situ usage experiments. As such, it constitutes a valuable tool for unions, offering insights and action points to address the challenges posed by AI in the workplace. It encourages a proactive and informed approach, enabling worker representatives to fully participate in debates and decisions concerning the introduction of AI in their respective sectors.