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Comprendre l'économie collaborative et ses promesses à travers ses fondements théoriques

Author

Listed:
  • David Massé

    (SES - Département Sciences Economiques et Sociales - Télécom Paris - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris, ECOGE - Economie Gestion - I3 SES - Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation de Telecom Paris - Télécom Paris - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - I3 - Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Simon Borel
  • Damien Demailly

    (IDDRI - Institut du Développement Durable et des Relations Internationales - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Paris)

Abstract

Airbnb, blablacar, eBay… Ces plateformes qui transforment nos économies sont le sommet du vaste iceberg appelé « économie collaborative ». Ce concept encore flou est porté par un ensemble d'acteurs constitué d'essayistes à suc-cès, de militants associatifs et d'entrepreneurs du web. À ce concept sont associées de nombreuses promesses : les pratiques collaboratives seraient une réponse à la crise du modèle de croissance, à la crise environnementale, et un moyen de refonder le lien social et les solidarités collectives. RETOUR AUX FONDEMENTS THÉORIQUES L'étude des fondements théoriques de l'économie collaborative permet de comprendre et d'analyser les promesses dont elle est porteuse. Nous identifions et discutons ici trois champs théoriques centraux mobilisés par les promoteurs de l'économie collaborative : la mouvance du libre irrigue la réflexion sur l'économie collaborative en soulignant et promouvant un changement de posture du consommateur passif vers un « consomm'ac-teur » de cette économie, ce passage se matérialisant par un accès distri-bué et universel aux connaissances, aux compétences et aux ressources matérielles ; l'économie de la fonctionnalité éclaire ce qui est au coeur de l'économie collaborative : le passage d'une logique de propriété à une logique d'usage, qui ouvre la voie à nombre de promesses environnemen-tales ; l'économie du don illustre la rupture avec l'hégémonie de l'échange marchand, en y réintégrant la dimension de l'échange symbolique basé sur le donner, recevoir et rendre. UNE POSTURE CRITIQUE VIS-À-VIS DE CES PROMESSES RESTE NÉCESSAIRE La diversité des approches théoriques mobilisées permet d'expliquer la plu-ralité des définitions de l'économie collaborative, mais aussi la diversité des promesses dont elle est porteuse. Si ces dernières doivent être prises au sérieux, elles suscitent également et à juste titre de nombreuses réserves. Les acteurs de l'économie collaborative qui veulent les concrétiser ne peuvent donc se passer d'une analyse critique, tout comme les décideurs publics qui souhaitent accompagner la diffusion des pratiques collabora-tives. Les champs théoriques identifiés ici peuvent être mobilisés à cette fin.

Suggested Citation

  • David Massé & Simon Borel & Damien Demailly, 2015. "Comprendre l'économie collaborative et ses promesses à travers ses fondements théoriques," Working Papers hal-02104730, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-02104730
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://telecom-paris.hal.science/hal-02104730v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Henry Chesbrough & Richard S. Rosenbloom, 2002. "The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation: evidence from Xerox Corporation's technology spin-off companies," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 11(3), pages 529-555, June.
    2. Gérald Gaglio & Jacques Lauriol & Christian Du Tertre, 2011. "L'économie de la fonctionnalité : une voie nouvelle vers un développement durable ?," Post-Print halshs-00738604, HAL.
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    Cited by:

    1. Simon Borel & Valérie Guillard & Dominique Roux, 2016. "Ce qui circule entre nous en ligne," Post-Print hal-02022173, HAL.

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