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Continua of Underemployment Equilibria Reflecting Coordination Failures, Also at Walrasian Prices

Author

Listed:
  • Alessandro Citanna

    (GREGH - Groupement de Recherche et d'Etudes en Gestion à HEC - HEC Paris - Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Hervé Crès

    (GREGH - Groupement de Recherche et d'Etudes en Gestion à HEC - HEC Paris - Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Jacques H. Drèze

    (CORE - UCL - Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain)

  • Jean-Jacques Herings

    (Department of Economics - Maastricht University [Maastricht])

  • Antonio Villanacci

    (UniFI - Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence = Université de Florence)

Abstract

In this paper the existence of unemployment is partly explained as being the result of coordination failures. It is shown that as a result of self-fulfilling pessimistic expectations, even at Walrasian prices, a continuum of equilibria results, among which an equilibrium with approximately no trade and a Walrasian equilibrium. These coordination failures also arise at other price systems, but then unemployment is the result of both a wrong price system and coordination failures. Some properties of the set of equilibria are analyzed. Generically, there exists a continuum of non-indifferent equilibrium allocations. Under a condition implied by gross substitutability, there exists a continuum of equilibrium allocations in the neighborhood of a competitive allocation, when prices are Walrasian. For a specialized economy, a dynamic illustration is offered.

Suggested Citation

  • Alessandro Citanna & Hervé Crès & Jacques H. Drèze & Jean-Jacques Herings & Antonio Villanacci, 2001. "Continua of Underemployment Equilibria Reflecting Coordination Failures, Also at Walrasian Prices," Working Papers hal-00597197, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-00597197
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    as
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    2. Alessandro Citanna & Herve Cres & Antonio Villancci, "undated". ""Underemployment of Resources and Self-Confirming Beliefs''," CARESS Working Papres 95-20, University of Pennsylvania Center for Analytic Research and Economics in the Social Sciences.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Herings, P. Jean-Jacques, 2024. "Expectational equilibria in many-to-one matching models with contracts," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    2. Jacques H. Drèze & P. Jean‐Jacques Herings, 2008. "Kinky perceived demand curves and Keynes–Negishi equilibria," International Journal of Economic Theory, The International Society for Economic Theory, vol. 4(2), pages 207-246, June.
    3. Herings, P. Jean-Jacques, 2018. "Equilibrium and matching under price controls," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 222-244.
    4. Herings, P.J.J., 2024. "Expectational Equilibria and Drèze Equilibria in Many-to-one Matching Models," Discussion Paper 2024-022, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research.
    5. Iwan Bos & Ronald Peeters & Erik Pot, 2017. "Competition versus collusion: The impact of consumer inertia," International Journal of Economic Theory, The International Society for Economic Theory, vol. 13(4), pages 387-400, December.
    6. Hans Gersbach & Hans Haller, 2018. "Hierarchical Trade," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 56(2), pages 1165-1184, April.
    7. P. Herings, 2014. "General equilibrium and the new neoclassical synthesis," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 57(3), pages 437-477, November.
    8. Herings, P. Jean-Jacques & van der Laan, Gerard & Talman, Dolf, 2009. "Equilibria with coordination failures," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(1-2), pages 23-37, January.
    9. Herings, P.J.J., 2024. "Expectational Equilibria and Drèze Equilibria in Many-to-one Matching Models," Other publications TiSEM 2818f6ae-f3b0-4b5e-9222-a, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    10. Drèze, Jacques H. & Herings, P. Jean-Jacques, 2008. "Sequentially complete markets remain incomplete," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 100(3), pages 445-447, September.
    11. Herings, P. Jean-Jacques & Konovalov, Alexander, 2009. "Constrained suboptimality when prices are non-competitive," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(1-2), pages 43-58, January.
    12. Kokonas, Nikolaos, 2016. "Nominal rigidities equilibria in a non-Ricardian economy," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 108-119.
    13. DRÈZE, Jacques, 2001. "Indeterminateness of equilibria and macroeconomics," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE 2001058, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    general equilibrium; underemployment; coordination failures; indeterminacy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C62 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium
    • D51 - Microeconomics - - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - - - Exchange and Production Economies

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