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Diversité des fiscalités européennes et risque de concurrence fiscale

Author

Listed:
  • Rejane Hugounenq-de Vreyer

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Jacques Le Cacheux

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po, CATT - Centre d'Analyse Théorique et de Traitement des données économiques - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour)

  • Thierry Madiès

Abstract

Les systèmes fiscaux européens sont très diversifiés et bon nombre d'observateurs craignent que la mise en place de l'euro ne favorise une concurrence fiscale accrue entre États-membres. Celle-ci pourrait se traduire à terme par une dégradation des finances publiques, une exonération de fait des bases les plus mobiles avec un report de la charge fiscale sur les bases les moins mobiles, et une perte de souveraineté des États, notamment par rapport à leur capacité à mettre en œuvre des politiques de redistribution. Actuellement, le débat porte essentiellement sur la fiscalité pesant sur les revenus du capital — impôt sur le bénéfice des sociétés et sur les revenus de placement. En effet, ces revenus sont potentiellement mobiles et les écarts de fiscalité, mesurés grâce au calcul de coûts du capital dans le cas de l'impôt sur les sociétés, sont importants — ils peuvent être supérieurs à 30 % dans certains cas. En ce qui concerne les revenus de l'épargne, force est de constater que le jeu auquel se livrent les États tourne à l'absurde : chaque État taxe ses résidents mais n'impose pas les non-résidents dans un contexte où chacun peut aller chez le voisin. Dans ces conditions, la Commission européenne adopte désormais une position plus pragmatique qu'il y a une dizaine d'années où l'objectif était d'harmoniser les fiscalités nationales pour réduire les distorsions de concurrence entre États. L'accent est mis davantage sur le caractère dommageable d'une concurrence fiscale non maîtrisée, comme en témoignent la proposition de directive concernant l'instauration d'une retenue à la source pour les revenus de l'épargne ou l'adoption par les États en 1997 d'un code de bonne conduite. Quoi qu'il en soit, en vertu de la règle de l'unanimité en matière d'harmonisation fiscale, un pays comme le Luxembourg, favorable à la concurrence fiscale compte tenu des règles qui régissent le secret bancaire dans cet État, se trouve en position de leader dans les négociations.

Suggested Citation

  • Rejane Hugounenq-de Vreyer & Jacques Le Cacheux & Thierry Madiès, 1999. "Diversité des fiscalités européennes et risque de concurrence fiscale," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-03462426, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:spmain:hal-03462426
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1999.1692
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal-sciencespo.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03462426
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    Cited by:

    1. Guy Gilbert & Alain Guengant, 2002. "L'économie publique locale quinze ans après : entre espace et territoire," Revue d'économie régionale et urbaine, Armand Colin, vol. 0(1), pages 157-182.
    2. Henri Sterdyniak, 2003. "Les réformes fiscales en Europe, 1992-2002," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 87(4), pages 337-407.
    3. Jacques Le Cacheux & Vincent Touzé, 2002. "Les modèles d'équilibre général calculable à générations imbriquées. Enjeux, méthodes et résultats," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 80(1), pages 87-113.
    4. Michaël Zemmour, 2012. "Tax competition and the move from insurance to assistance," Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 12090r, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1), Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, revised Mar 2013.
    5. Gaël Dupont & Henri Sterdyniak & Jacques Le Cacheux & Vincent Touzé, 2000. "La réforme fiscale en France : bilan et perspectives," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 75(1), pages 183-242.
    6. Christophe Blot, 2002. "Les politiques budgétaires au sein de l’UEM : entre convergence et asymétrie," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 69(5), pages 247-268.
    7. Lammersen, Lothar, 2002. "The Measurement of Effective Tax Rates: Common Themes in Business Management and Economics," ZEW Discussion Papers 02-46, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    8. Jean-Marie Monnier, 2000. "Harmonisation des fiscalités et structures fiscales européennes entre 1988 et 1996," Post-Print hal-00677603, HAL.
    9. Krogstrup, Signe, 2002. "Public debt asymmetries: the effect on taxes and spending in the European Union," Working Paper Series 0162, European Central Bank.
    10. Delphine Béraud, 2002. "Transmission internationale des politiques budgétaires et imparfaite mobilité du capital," Recherches économiques de Louvain, De Boeck Université, vol. 68(3), pages 287-311.
    11. Jean-Marie Monnier, 2000. "Harmonisation des fiscalités et structures fiscales européennes entre 1988 et 1996," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) hal-00677603, HAL.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Fiscalité européenne; Concurrence; Revenu du capital;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F42 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - International Policy Coordination and Transmission
    • H20 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - General
    • H87 - Public Economics - - Miscellaneous Issues - - - International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods

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