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Le piège de la déflation

Author

Listed:
  • Céline Antonin

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Christophe Blot

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Amel Falah

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Sabine Le Bayon

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Hervé Péléraux

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Christine Rifflart

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Xavier Timbeau

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Catherine Mathieu

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Mathieu Plane

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

Abstract

Depuis 2010, la plupart des pays industrialisés ont engagé une stratégie de réduction des déficits budgétaires. Cette stratégie a cassé la reprise naissante de l'économie mondiale et plongé à nouveau la zone euro en récession. L'austérité et la récession y furent en effet amplifiées par la crise des dettes souveraines et la forte hausse des taux d'intérêt. Si les efforts budgétaires se sont poursuivis en 2014, ils se sont néanmoins atténués dans la zone euro, ce qui avait laissé entrevoir une accélération de la croissance. La reprise escomptée ne s'est cependant pas matérialisée, à l'exception de l'Espagne. La France est restée en situation de stagnation et l'Italie en récession. Même l'Allemagne, principal moteur de la zone euro, donne des signes de ralentissement. Par conséquent, la divergence avec les États-Unis ou le Royaume-Uni devient de plus en plus grande. Même si l'austérité est moins importante en moyenne, elle reste significative pour certains pays, d'autant plus que les multiplicateurs sont élevés. En outre, si les taux nominaux ont baissé, les taux réels ont augmenté avec la chute des taux d'inflation. Enfin, l'appréciation de l'euro en 2013 a également réduit ou atténué les efforts faits pour améliorer la compétitivité dans la zone euro. Par ailleurs, la situation des banques porte encore les stigmates de la crise comme le reflète l'augmentation des créances douteuses dans de nombreux pays. Les bilans des agents non-financiers restent également dégradés, ce qui obère les perspectives de croissance. Cette situation s'avère d'autant plus dangereuse que le risque déflationniste se précise. Les forces qui pourront conduire la zone euro vers la déflation sont à l'oeuvre. Le chômage de masse contraint la dynamique des salaires. Les dévaluations internes sont encouragées car elles sont perçues comme un outil pour regagner en compétitivité et retrouver le chemin de la croissance. Elles conduisent cependant des pays fortement intégrés commercialement à s'engager dans une course sans fin et dangereuse.

Suggested Citation

  • Céline Antonin & Christophe Blot & Amel Falah & Sabine Le Bayon & Hervé Péléraux & Christine Rifflart & Xavier Timbeau & Catherine Mathieu & Mathieu Plane, 2014. "Le piège de la déflation," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-01093020, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:spmain:hal-01093020
    DOI: 10.3917/reof.136.0005
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal-sciencespo.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01093020v2
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    Other versions of this item:

    • Céline Antonin & Christophe Blot & Amel Falah & Sabine Le Bayon & Hervé Péléraux & Christine Rifflart & Xavier Timbeau & Catherine Mathieu & Mathieu Plane, 2014. "Le piège de la déflation," Post-Print hal-01093020, HAL.

    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

    déflation;

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