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L'économie de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche. De la nécessité de marcher sur ses deux jambes

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  • Jean-Luc Gaffard

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

Abstract

Pour tenir son rang dans l'économie de la connaissance, la France a décidé de transformer l'organisation de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche. En faisant le choix de l'autonomie de ses universités et s'engageant sur la voie d'une concurrence fondée sur une évaluation indépendante de leurs performances, elle a privilégié le soutien d'une recherche de haut niveau au motif que davantage investir dans ce domaine apporterait des points supplémentaires de croissance. Ce faisant, le développement des formations d'enseignement supérieur destinées à pourvoir un nombre grandissant d'emplois hautement qualifiés a été assez largement négligé, alors même que la croissance en dépend sans doute plus que de l'intensité de la recherche en elle-même. Aussi faudrait-il ne pas se limiter à promouvoir un petit nombre de grandes universités renommées pour la qualité de leurs recherches à l'échelle internationale, mais également s'appuyer sur la nécessaire multiplicité des critères d'excellence pour garantir l'existence d'un tissu universitaire dense et diversifié, remplissant avec efficacité la double mission de recherche et d'enseignement. Le mode de gouvernance des universités, les conditions de recrutement et de rémunération des universitaires et les conditions de financement, en bref le modèle économique de fonctionnement des universités seront déterminants du chemin qui sera suivi (...).

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Luc Gaffard, 2011. "L'économie de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche. De la nécessité de marcher sur ses deux jambes," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-01024473, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:spmain:hal-01024473
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal-sciencespo.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01024473
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    1. Philippe Aghion & Mathias Dewatripont & Caroline Hoxby & Andreu Mas-Colell & André Sapir, 2007. "Why Reform Europe's Universities?," Policy Briefs 34, Bruegel.
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    3. Rosen, Sherwin, 1981. "The Economics of Superstars," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 71(5), pages 845-858, December.
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