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Repenser l’échec entrepreneurial des petites entreprises émergentes

Author

Listed:
  • Ali Smida

    (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - UP13 - Université Paris 13 - USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Nabil Khelil

    (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

Créer une entreprise demeure aujourd'hui une initiative très risquée. Même si les statistiques montrent que la disparition précoce d'une jeune petite entreprise est un destin plus probable que sa survie, la littérature scientifique sur l'entrepreneuriat se concentre sur la réussite entrepreneuriale. Les petites entreprises émergentes qui échouent demeurent un groupe peu étudié. En plus, il n'y a pas de consensus sur la signification de l'échec entrepreneurial qui, d'ailleurs, par sa nature multidimensionnelle et complexe, peut revêtir plusieurs configurations. Dans le but de mieux percevoir l'échec entrepreneurial, le présent article propose une typologie articulée autour des trois théories : la théorie d'écologie des populations des organisations, l'approche fondée sur les ressources et la théorie de la « brèche aspirations-réalisations ». L'écologie des populations des organisations perçoit l'échec en termes de mortalité. Basée sur la primauté des ressources, l'approche du même nom analyse l'échec en termes de défaillance économique. La troisième théorie accorde un rôle important à la motivation entrepreneuriale. Pour la théorie de la « brèche aspirations-réalisations », l'échec est associé à la déception personnelle du fondateur à la suite de la non-concrétisation de ses aspirations et attentes initiales. À travers la combinaison de ces trois approches, cet article élabore une typologie de huit catégories ou scénarios d'échec. Il tente d'aller au-delà de la dichotomie classique qui oppose l' « échec total » et la « réussite absolue ». Il introduit les scénarios d'« échec marginal » et d'« échec partiel ». Une analyse qualitative exploratoire fondée sur l'étude de 10 cas a servi à illustrer cette typologie.

Suggested Citation

  • Ali Smida & Nabil Khelil, 2010. "Repenser l’échec entrepreneurial des petites entreprises émergentes," Post-Print halshs-02505930, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-02505930
    DOI: 10.7202/1005762ar
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-02505930
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    References listed on IDEAS

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