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How Gender Inequalities Hinder Development : Cross-Country Evidence

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  • Gaëlle Ferrant

    (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

This paper assumes that gender inequality hinders economic and human development : a one standard deviation change in the Gender Inequality Index (GII) will increase long term income per capita by 9,1% and Human Development Index (HDI) by 4%. Gender inequality may be a explanation of economic development differences : 16% of the long term income difference between South Asia and East Asia & Pacific can be accounted for by the difference in gender inequality. Moreover, this paper provides evidence of a vicious circle between gender inequality and long term income. The multi-dimensional concept of gender inequality is measured by a composite index with endogenous weightings : the Gender Inequality Index (GII). To correct endogeneity and simultaneity problems, the two-stage and three-stage least square methods are used separately. In this way, the steady state per capita income and the human development levels are estimated for 109 developing countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Gaëlle Ferrant, 2011. "How Gender Inequalities Hinder Development : Cross-Country Evidence," Post-Print halshs-00609828, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-00609828
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00609828
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    Cited by:

    1. Adeline Nnenna Idike & Remi Chukwudi Okeke & Cornelius O. Okorie & Francisca N. Ogba & Christiana A. Ugodulunwa, 2020. "Gender, Democracy, and National Development in Nigeria," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(2), pages 21582440209, May.
    2. Baroki, Robert & Joshi, Christian & Maisonnave, Hélène & Mariam, Anastasie Bulumba, 2021. "Impact of pro-gender public policies in the agricultural sectors on women's employment in a context of economic dependence on natural resources: A case study of the DRC," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315114, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    3. Haeyoung Jang & Seung-Ho Kwon, 2022. "Understanding women’s empowerment in post-Covid Korea: A historical analysis," The Economic and Labour Relations Review, , vol. 33(2), pages 351-376, June.
    4. Paola Demartini, 2019. "Why and How Women in Business Can Make Innovations in Light of the Sustainable Development Goals," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-8, August.

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