La réciprocité : principe de comportement économique en conflit/coopération avec le profit et la redistribution

Three principles of economic behaviour (the maximization of the profit, redistribution and reciprocity) found the creation of economic activities. By crossing these three principles with the sphere of the market, one highlights three great types of economy: capitalist economy, economy of the State and social and solidarity economy (ESS). The ESS is often perceived only like one economy mitigating the failures of the capitalist companies and the State. It is significant to try to leave this approach which convenes the ESS to justify the withdrawal of the State. If the ESS mitigates indeed the failures of the States of the countries of the South in the supply of public services and social protection which they do not manage to ensure, in any case, it mitigates the failures of the capitalist economy, since this one is not it. Thus overall, the ESS is not a saving in substitution per deficiency; it must have its place in the economy. Its role is perceived in way very different between the various visions from the economic and social development : in the liberal vision, the ESS deals only with the social management of poverty by targeted programs; in the vision social State, it has a complementary role in the supply of public services and social protection; in the vision associated, it jointly builds the supply of goods and individual and public services, in particular the supply of proximity; in the vision of the other economy, it has the dominant place in the supply of goods and individual services and in the joint production of public services and social protection as well at the local, national and international level. In the other economy, the principle of reciprocity is essential and subjects the other principles of economic behaviour.