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Environmental regulations in gravity equations : evidence from Europe

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  • Daniel Mirza

    (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Jerneja Jug

Abstract

One implication of the pollution haven hypothesis is that countries export more by applying more lenient environmental regulations. Most studies that apply gravity‐type equations do not find robust support for environmental regulations to affect bilateral exports. In this paper, we show that one can obtain robust negative effects of stringency, as long as gravity equations are well specified with respect to theory. Our results, based on the European data, are both very consistent with US studies on environmental regulations and another line of very recent studies that infer non‐biased price or substitution elasticities from trade equations. We show that more stringent environmental regulations, when depicting a pure cost effect, are reducing exports. The coefficient is even larger in the case where exporting countries are Central and Eastern European countries, comparing to the EU15. Further, we show that there is no significant difference in the impact of regulations on trade in case of dirty and clean sectors. Finally, when using GMM estimation, our environmental stringency coefficient gets significantly reinforced.
(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel Mirza & Jerneja Jug, 2005. "Environmental regulations in gravity equations : evidence from Europe," Post-Print halshs-00109360, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-00109360
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00748.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Arik Levinson & M. Scott Taylor, 2008. "Unmasking The Pollution Haven Effect," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 49(1), pages 223-254, February.
    2. Jean-Marie Grether & Jaime de Melo, 2004. "Globalization and Dirty Industries: Do Pollution Havens Matter?," NBER Chapters, in: Challenges to Globalization: Analyzing the Economics, pages 167-203, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Davidson, Russell & MacKinnon, James G., 1993. "Estimation and Inference in Econometrics," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780195060119.
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