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Interest loans vis-à-vis religion and law: Intermingling and separation in the early moments of a long history
[Le prêt à intérêt face à la religion et au droit : Imbrication et séparation aux premiers moments d'une histoire longue]

Author

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  • André Lapidus

    (PHARE - Philosophie, Histoire et Analyse des Représentations Économiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne)

Abstract

Insérer les deux siècles d'histoire de la science des mœurs dans une histoire plus longue, qui s'attacherait à repérer la manière dont les questions économiques se sont articulées à celles relatives aux mœurs, conduit à en privilégier deux étapes anciennes, caractérisées l'une et l'autre par la conjonction d'une perspective normative (théologique pour la première, juridique pour la seconde) et de questions économiques qui lui sont subordonnées : les années 1268 à 1272 d'abord, lorsque Thomas d'Aquin, de retour à l'Université de Paris, rédige la secunda secundae de la Somme théologique et l'essentiel de ses Commentaires sur la philosophie morale et politique d'Aristote ; les années 1622 à 1625 ensuite, lorsque Hugo Grotius, réfugié en France, y publie le Droit de la Guerre et de la Paix. L'une et l'autre montrent, à partir d'une question économique singulière – celle du prêt à intérêt – comment un savoir économique a émergé de la perspective normative à laquelle elle était subordonnée. Une telle émergence s'est cependant réalisée de manières différentes : d'abord sur le mode de l'imbrication chez Thomas d'Aquin, où les questions économiques font l'objet d'un traitement systématique, mais sans pour autant qu'il soit possible de les restituer en évitant de revenir de façon récurrente à la perspective théologique dans laquelle elles s'intègrent ; puis, sur le mode de la séparation chez Hugo Grotius où, en dépit de leur insertion dans une perspective juridique, il devient possible d'en faire abstraction afin d'en rendre compte. C'est ce mouvement initial, de l'imbrication vers la séparation entre un savoir économique émergent et la perspective normative à laquelle il est associé, qui rendra possible à partir des Lumières la cristallisation de ce savoir économique en savoir autonome, redevable désormais aux sciences de la société plutôt qu'à une continuation, aussi élaborée soit-elle, de la religion et du droit.

Suggested Citation

  • André Lapidus, 2021. "Interest loans vis-à-vis religion and law: Intermingling and separation in the early moments of a long history [Le prêt à intérêt face à la religion et au droit : Imbrication et séparation aux prem," Post-Print hal-03381719, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03381719
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://paris1.hal.science/hal-03381719
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Irina Chaplygina & André Lapidus, 2016. "Economic thought in scholasticism," Chapters, in: Gilbert Faccarello & Heinz D. Kurz (ed.), Handbook on the History of Economic Analysis Volume II, chapter 3, pages 20-42, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    2. André Lapidus, 1991. "Information and Risk in the Medieval Doctrine of Usury during the Thirteenth Century," Post-Print hal-00721678, HAL.
    3. Barber, William J., 1967. "A History of Economic Thought," History of Economic Thought Books, McMaster University Archive for the History of Economic Thought, number barber1967.
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