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High frequency trading and ghost liquidity

Author

Listed:
  • Hans Degryse

    (KU Leuven - Catholic University of Leuven = Katholieke Universiteit Leuven)

  • Rudy de Winne

    (Louvain School of Management - UCL - Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain)

  • Carole Gresse

    (DRM - Dauphine Recherches en Management - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Richard Payne

    (Cass Business School - City University London - City University London)

Abstract

We measure the extent to which consolidated liquidity in modern fragmented equity markets overstates true liquidity due to a phenomenon that we call Ghost Liquidity (GL). GL exists when traders place duplicate limit orders on competing venues, intending for only one of the orders to execute, and when one does execute, duplicates are cancelled. We employ data from 2013, covering 91 stocks trading on their primary exchanges and three alternative platforms and where order submitters are identified consistently across venues, to measure the incidence of GL and to investigate its determinants. On average, for every 100 shares pending on an order book, slightlymore than 8 shares are immediately cancelled by the same liquidity supplier on a different venue.This percentage is significantly greater for HFTs than for non-HFTs and for those trading as principal. Overall, GL represents a significant fraction of total liquidity, implying that simply measured consolidated liquidity greatly exceeds true consolidated liquidity.

Suggested Citation

  • Hans Degryse & Rudy de Winne & Carole Gresse & Richard Payne, 2018. "High frequency trading and ghost liquidity," Post-Print hal-01894838, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01894838
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-01894838v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hans Degryse & Frank de Jong & Vincent van Kervel, 2015. "The Impact of Dark Trading and Visible Fragmentation on Market Quality," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 19(4), pages 1587-1622.
    2. Menkveld, Albert J., 2013. "High frequency trading and the new market makers," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 712-740.
    3. Thierry Foucault & Albert J. Menkveld, 2008. "Competition for Order Flow and Smart Order Routing Systems," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 63(1), pages 119-158, February.
    4. O'Hara, Maureen & Ye, Mao, 2011. "Is market fragmentation harming market quality?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(3), pages 459-474, June.
    5. Gresse, Carole, 2017. "Effects of lit and dark market fragmentation on liquidity," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 1-20.
    6. Jonathan Brogaard & Terrence Hendershott & Ryan Riordan, 2014. "High-Frequency Trading and Price Discovery," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 27(8), pages 2267-2306.
    7. Vincent van Kervel, 2015. "Competition for Order Flow with Fast and Slow Traders," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 28(7), pages 2094-2127.
    8. Hasbrouck, Joel & Saar, Gideon, 2009. "Technology and liquidity provision: The blurring of traditional definitions," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 12(2), pages 143-172, May.
    9. Carrion, Allen, 2013. "Very fast money: High-frequency trading on the NASDAQ," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 680-711.
    10. Terrence Hendershott & Charles M. Jones & Albert J. Menkveld, 2011. "Does Algorithmic Trading Improve Liquidity?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 66(1), pages 1-33, February.
    11. Albert J. Menkveld, 2016. "The Economics of High-Frequency Trading: Taking Stock," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 8(1), pages 1-24, October.
    12. Carole Gresse, 2017. "Effects of Lit and Dark Market Fragmentation on Liquidity," Post-Print hal-01631771, HAL.
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    Cited by:

    1. Dodd, Olga & Frijns, Bart & Indriawan, Ivan & Pascual, Roberto, 2023. "US cross-listing and domestic high-frequency trading: Evidence from Canadian stocks," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 301-320.
    2. Griffith, Todd G. & Roseman, Brian S., 2019. "Making cents of tick sizes: The effect of the 2016 U.S. SEC tick size pilot on limit order book liquidity," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 104-121.
    3. Artur Akhmetov & Anna Burova & Natalia Makhankova & Alexey Ponomarenko, 2024. "Measuring Market Liquidity and Liquidity Mismatches Across Sectors," Springer Books, in: Alexander Karminsky & Mikhail Stolbov (ed.), Systemic Financial Risk, chapter 0, pages 131-194, Springer.

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