Employment‐entrepreneurship hybridization and new work practices: from slashers to alternate‐entrepreneurship[Hybridations salariat-entrepreneuriat et nouvelles pratiques de travail : des slashers à l'entrepreneuriat- alterné]

This article is interested in the evolution of forms of employment and organizations as hybridization employment and entrepreneurship (or employment and freelancing). Through this exploratory research, we wish to share our first grounded reports on this reflection. Our preliminary results are based on fieldwork carried out between November 2014 and November 2016 by the network RGCS (Research Group on Collaborative Spaces) and in particular on: (1) some descriptive statistics stemming from the online investigation led in 2016 on the transformations of work and its spaces; (2) empirical observations based on data collected during the organization of 52 events (workshops, seminars, etc.) in 7 countries and 82 visits of third-places and other collaborative spaces realized in about ten countries. Having replaced in a historical perspective the evolution of work and the forms of employment and having clarified the adopted methodology, we present our reports by distinguishing the individual level of the new working practices of the organizational level. In regards to the individual dimension, we are interested in the forms of employment-entrepreneurship hybridization that represent the case of slashers and alternated entrepreneurship. In regards to the organizational dimension, we underline the increasing hybridization between employees and entrepreneurs (or freelancers) within certain types of communities and modes of governance mixing employees, freelancers, and entrepreneurs (excubation, transition, open innovation, new forms of community management) or still in relation with collaborative social movements (more and more imported in an organizational frame).