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Dynamique organisationnelle du secteur touristique : évolutions technologiques et innovations de services

Author

Listed:
  • Bénédicte Aldebert

    (CRIFP - Centre de Recherche en Ingénierie Financière et Finances Publiques - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019))

Abstract

Le secteur du tourisme a connu ces dernières années de profondes transformations. Celles-ci sont visibles pour l'essentiel dans le passage d'un paradigme industriel à un paradigme de la "connaissance". En effet, "l'ancien tourisme" se caractérise essentiellement par une production de masse, standardisée, alors que le "nouveau tourisme" vise, par l'innovation, à offrir des biens différenciés et personnalisés aux différentes niches de marchés. Ces transformations ont évolué conjointement aux changements de comportements et de motivations des consommateurs, dans un nouvel environnement juridico économique. Ces facteurs ont ainsi contribué à l'émergence de nouvelles règles concurrentielles dans une économie mondialisée. C'est surtout l'arrivée des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC ), qui a le plus bouleversé l'industrie du tourisme ces dix dernières années. Ces évolutions concernent l'ensemble du processus productif du produit touristique, mais également tous les prestataires du tourisme. Les entreprises contraintes de s'adapter à l'ensemble de ces évolutions doivent repenser la segmentation traditionnelle de leurs activités. Cette contribution a pour objectif de mieux comprendre la relation entre les changements structurels que connaissent les entreprises du tourisme et l'organisation du secteur touristique. L'analyse de ce processus implique de comprendre dans un premier temps de quelle manière se structure le tourisme. L'existence d'une forte interdépendance entre les diverses entreprises qui effectuent des activités complémentaires très variées amènera à conclure qu'il s'agit d'une industrie au sens de Richardson (1972). En effet, chacune de ces entreprises effectue une étape du processus productif. Par conséquent, toute innovation à l'un des stades de la production aura de fortes implications sur les autres et donc sur l'ensemble du secteur. Nous montrerons dans un second temps que l'émergence d'innovations dépend fortement de l'interaction et de la complémentarité entre la technologie et l'organisation interne de l'entreprise (Milgrom et Roberts, 1990). L'évolution de l'industrie est donc fortement dépendante de la capacité des entreprises à internaliser les différents progrès technologiques.

Suggested Citation

  • Bénédicte Aldebert, 2004. "Dynamique organisationnelle du secteur touristique : évolutions technologiques et innovations de services," Post-Print hal-00311790, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-00311790
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-00311790
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    References listed on IDEAS

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