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Discount Window Stigma After the Global Financial Crisis

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Abstract

We study Discount Window (DW) stigma, the reluctance to access the Federal Reserve’s lender-of-last resort facility, between 2014 and 2024. Despite increased usage since 2020, we find conclusive evidence that the DW is stigmatized, especially among smaller banks and when financial markets experience disruptions. In particular, evidence of DW stigma emerged months before the 2023 banking turmoil and had not subsided a year later. We also identify new determinants and consequences of DW stigma. The implications of these results for the provision of emergency liquidity are discussed.

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  • Olivier Armantier & Marco Cipriani & Asani Sarkar, 2024. "Discount Window Stigma After the Global Financial Crisis," Staff Reports 1137, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fednsr:99159
    DOI: 10.59576/sr.1137
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gara Afonso & Marco Cipriani & Adam Copeland & Anna Kovner & Gabriele La Spada & Antoine Martin, 2021. "The Market Events of Mid-September 2019," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, vol. 27(2), pages 1-26, August.
    2. Craig Furfine, 2003. "Standing Facilities and Interbank Borrowing: Evidence from the Federal Reserve's New Discount Window," International Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 6(3), pages 329-347, November.
    3. Armantier, Olivier & Ghysels, Eric & Sarkar, Asani & Shrader, Jeffrey, 2015. "Discount window stigma during the 2007–2008 financial crisis," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(2), pages 317-335.
    4. Elizabeth Klee, 2021. "The First Line of Defense: The Discount Window during the Early Stages of the Financial Crisis," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 17(1), pages 143-190, March.
    5. Anbil, Sriya, 2018. "Managing stigma during a financial crisis," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 130(1), pages 166-181.
    6. Furfine, Craig, 2001. "The reluctance to borrow from the Fed," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 72(2), pages 209-213, August.
    7. Huberto M. Ennis, 2019. "Interventions in Markets with Adverse Selection: Implications for Discount Window Stigma," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 51(7), pages 1737-1764, October.
    8. Adam Ashcraft & Morten L. Bech & W. Scott Frame, 2010. "The Federal Home Loan Bank System: The Lender of Next‐to‐Last Resort?," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 42(4), pages 551-583, June.
    9. Gary Gorton & Guillermo Ordoñez, 2020. "Fighting Crises with Secrecy," American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 12(4), pages 218-245, October.
    10. repec:bla:intfin:v:6:y:2003:i:3:p:329-47 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Ben S. Bernanke, 2018. "The Real Effects of Disrupted Credit: Evidence from the Global Financial Crisis," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 49(2 (Fall)), pages 251-342.
    12. Huberto Ennis & John Weinberg, 2013. "Over-the-counter loans, adverse selection, and stigma in the interbank market," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 16(4), pages 601-616, October.
    13. Stavros Peristiani, 1998. "The Growing Reluctance To Borrow At The Discount Window: An Empirical Investigation," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 80(4), pages 611-620, November.
    14. Angela Vossmeyer, 2019. "Analysis of Stigma and Bank Credit Provision," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 51(1), pages 163-194, February.
    15. Andrew Metrick, 2024. "The Failure of Silicon Valley Bank and the Panic of 2023," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 38(1), pages 133-152, Winter.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    discount window; lender of last resort; stigma;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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