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What do drug monopolies cost consumers in developing countries?

Author

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  • Rebecca Hellerstein

Abstract

This paper quantifies the effects of drug monopolies and low per-capita income on pharmaceutical prices in developing economies using the example of the antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) used to treat HIV.

Suggested Citation

  • Rebecca Hellerstein, 2011. "What do drug monopolies cost consumers in developing countries?," Staff Reports 530, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fednsr:530
    Note: For a published version of this report, see Rebecca Hellerstein, "What Do Drug Monopolies Cost Consumers in Developing Countries?" Economics Letters 116, no. 1 (July 2012): 108-111.
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Knetter, Michael M, 1989. "Price Discrimination by U.S. and German Exporters," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 79(1), pages 198-210, March.
    2. Jayashree Watal, 2000. "Pharmaceutical Patents, Prices and Welfare Losses: Policy Options for India Under the WTO TRIPS Agreement," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(5), pages 733-752, May.
    3. Diwan, Ishac & Rodrik, Dani, 1991. "Patents, appropriate technology, and North-South trade," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 30(1-2), pages 27-47, February.
    4. F. M. Scherer & Jayashree Watal, 2002. "Post-TRIPS Options for Access to Patented Medicines in Developing Nations," Journal of International Economic Law, Oxford University Press, vol. 5(4), pages 913-939, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    Cited by:

    1. Paul Oldham & Stephen Hall & Oscar Forero, 2013. "Biological Diversity in the Patent System," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(11), pages 1-16, November.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    intellectual property rights; international price discrimination; TRIPS agreement; pharmaceutical industry; markups;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D4 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • L1 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
    • L65 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology; Plastics
    • O34 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital

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