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Tariff Rate Uncertainty and the Structure of Supply Chains

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Abstract

We show that reducing the probability of a trade war promotes long-term importer-exporter relationships that ensure provision of high-quality inputs via incentive premia. Empirically, we introduce a method for distinguishing between these long-term relationships--which the literature has termed "Japanese" due to their introduction by Japanese firms--from spot-market relationships in customs data. We show that the use of "Japanese" relationships varies intuitively across trading partners and products and find that the use of such relationships increases after a reduction in the possibility of a trade war. Extending the standard general equilibrium trade model to encompass potential trade wars and relational contracts, we estimate that eliminating "Japanese" procurement reduces welfare about a third as much as moving to autarky.

Suggested Citation

  • Sebastian Heise & Justin R. Pierce & Georg Schaur & Peter K. Schott, 2024. "Tariff Rate Uncertainty and the Structure of Supply Chains," International Finance Discussion Papers 1389, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedgif:1389
    DOI: 10.17016/IFDP.2024.1389
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Peter K. Schott, 2004. "Across-Product Versus Within-Product Specialization in International Trade," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 119(2), pages 647-678.
    4. Jean Tirole, 1988. "The Theory of Industrial Organization," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262200716, April.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Supply chain; Uncertainty; Trade war; Procurement;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
    • F23 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - Multinational Firms; International Business

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