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Interpretação nacionalista versus interpretação da dependência

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  • Bresser-Pereira, Luiz Carlos

Abstract

Nos anos 1950 dois grupos de intelectuais públicos, organizados em torno da CEPAL, em Santiago do Chile, e do ISEB, no Rio de Janeiro, pensaram a América Latina de forma pioneira de um ponto de vista nacionalista. A CEPAL criticou a lei das vantagens comparativas e suas implicações antiindustrializantes e imperialistas; o ISEB concentrou sua atenção na coalizão de classes por trás da estratégia nacional de desenvolvimento proposta. A existência de uma burguesia nacional era fundamental para esta interpretação. Entretanto, a Revolução Cubana e os golpes militares modernizantes que se seguiram abriram espaço para a crítica dessas ideias pela interpretação marxista da dependência que logo se dividiu em dois grupos. Os dois rejeitaram equivocadamente a possibilidade de uma burguesia nacional nos países latino-americanos, mas enquanto uma derivava dessa premissa equivocada a necessidade e possibilidade de uma revolução socialista, o outro, associado à escola de sociologia de São Paulo (USP) concluiu pela associação com os países em ricos. Ambos ignoraram o caráter ambíguo e contraditório da burguesia da região e enfraqueceram o nacionalismo econômico que caracteriza a formação dos estados-nação e seu desenvolvimento econômico

Suggested Citation

  • Bresser-Pereira, Luiz Carlos, 2010. "Interpretação nacionalista versus interpretação da dependência," Textos para discussão 266, FGV EESP - Escola de Economia de São Paulo, Fundação Getulio Vargas (Brazil).
  • Handle: RePEc:fgv:eesptd:266
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