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Diversidad de Género en los Consejos: el caso de España tras la Ley de Igualdad

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  • J. Ignacio Conde-Ruiz
  • Manu García
  • Manuel Yáñez

Abstract

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la diversidad de género en los Consejos de Administración de todas las empresas cotizadas en el periodo 2013-2017. España optó en 2007 por una ley de cuotas “blanda” - soft-law quota -, es decir, se trata de una mera recomendación sin sanciones en caso de incumplimiento. En 2017 hubo 1.363 consejeros en empresas cotizadas, y de ellos tan solo 247 eran mujeres, un 18 %. En la primera parte del trabajo vemos la escasa mejoría en cuanto al incremento del porcentaje de mujeres en el marco de un análisis sectorial y por tipo de consejero (ejecutivos, dominicales, independientes y otro externo). Entre sectores no encontramos diferencias, pero sí es destacable el retroceso en cuanto al porcentaje de consejeras ejecutivas. Vemos cómo la situación es mucho peor en las empresas que no cotizan en el IBEX que aquellas que sí lo hacen. En la segunda parte del trabajo, aprovechando que desde 2013 las empresas cotizadas en su informe anual deben contestar a una serie de preguntas sobre la diversidad de género en sus consejos, hemos hecho un análisis usando técnicas de tratamiento de textos. Encontramos que en las respuestas existe un alto porcentaje de “auto-plagio” - i.e. copian sus respuestas de informes de años anteriores - y de “plagio” - i.e. copian respuestas de otras empresas publicadas el año anterior. Todo ello parece indicar el escaso interés, principalmente de las empresas que no cotizan en el IBEX, por la diversidad de género en sus Consejos. Por otro lado, el insuficiente avance, no solo con respecto al objetivo de la Ley de Igualdad de 2007 de alcanzar una representación femenina del 40 %, sino también con respecto a la recomendación del Código Unificado de Buen Gobierno de la CNMV que estableció el compromiso de alcanzar el 30 % de consejeras en 2020, nos lleva a plantear la necesidad de cambiar la ley sobre la política de consejeras en España. Siguiendo la experiencia internacional y con el objetivo de acelerar la transición hacia un nuevo equilibrio de igualdad de oportunidades, en nuestra opinión, sería necesaria la introducción de forma gradual, respetando el calendario de renovación de los Consejos, de una política de cuotas obligatorias y de carácter temporal. Una vez alcanzado este nuevo equilibrio, esta política de cuotas, que ya se ha implementado en países de nuestro entorno como Noruega, Islandia, Italia, Alemania, Francia y Bélgica, carecería de sentido. Según nuestros cálculos, si queremos alcanzar una representación del 30 % de mujeres en los Consejos, será necesario reemplazar a 235 hombres (en el escenario “débil” serían 126) y si queremos una representación del 40 % el reemplazo debería ser de 352 hombres (o 253 en el escenario “débil”).

Suggested Citation

  • J. Ignacio Conde-Ruiz & Manu García & Manuel Yáñez, 2018. "Diversidad de Género en los Consejos: el caso de España tras la Ley de Igualdad," Studies on the Spanish Economy eee2018-29, FEDEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:fda:fdaeee:eee2018-29
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Cuberes & Marc Teignier, 2016. "Aggregate Effects of Gender Gaps in the Labor Market: A Quantitative Estimate," Journal of Human Capital, University of Chicago Press, vol. 10(1), pages 1-32.
    2. José Ignacio Conde-Ruiz & Carmen Hoya, 2015. "Gender (in)Equality Act and large Spanish Corporations," Policy Papers 2015-03, FEDEA.
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    5. Jan Luca Pletzer & Romina Nikolova & Karina Karolina Kedzior & Sven Constantin Voelpel, 2015. "Does Gender Matter? Female Representation on Corporate Boards and Firm Financial Performance - A Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(6), pages 1-20, June.
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    1. La Diversidad de Genero en los Consejos tras la Ley de Igualdad 2007
      by J. Ignacio Conde-Ruiz in Nada Es Gratis on 2018-12-19 06:07:42

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