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Pression fiscale sur les revenus de l’épargne : une estimation dans trois pays européens

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  • Yannick L’Horty

    (Université d’Evry-Val d’Essonne, EPEE)

Abstract

Cette étude propose de mesurer le poids réel des prélèvements obligatoires sur les revenus de l’épargne dans trois pays (France, Royaume-Uni et Italie) pour trois années (1998, 1999 et 2000) et pour une partition de l’ensemble des produits d’épargne en quatre catégories : 1- titres à revenus fixes (intérêts et assimilés) , 2- titres à revenus variables (dividendes et assimilés) ; 3- plus values mobilières ; 4- contrats de capitalisation (assurance vie et fonds de pension). On mobilise deux méthodes complémentaires : les taux marginaux de prélèvements sont calculés exante en utilisant le barème légal des prélèvements ; les taux moyens de prélèvements sont calculés expost en rapportant le montant des prélèvements à celui des revenus tels qu’ils peuvent être évalués à l’aide des sources comptables et fiscales. On distingue en outre les taux moyens apparents, sur les revenus taxés, et les taux moyens réels, calculés sur l’ensemble des revenus afin de prendre en compte les exemptions légales et les omissions déclaratives. Le montant des prélèvements obligatoires sur les revenus d’épargne est assez proche dans les trois pays, autour de 15 milliards d’euros, mais les revenus de l’épargne sont beaucoup plus importants au Royaume-Uni qu’en France ou en Italie. Les taux moyens d’imposition réels (TMIR) sont donc plus élevés en France (10,8 %) et en Italie (9,4%) qu’au Royaume-Uni (7,4 %). Les niveaux légaux des prélèvements fiscaux paraissent plus élevés mais l’emprise de la fiscalité est faible. En pratique, la majeure partie des prélèvements est issue en France des déductions sociales (environ les deux tiers d’après nos estimations). Au total, avec le cumul de prélèvements sociaux à taux modéré et assiette large et de prélèvements fiscaux à taux élevé et assiette étroite, la fiscalité française a un rendement comparable à celles, plus homogènes, du Royaume-Uni et de l’Italie.

Suggested Citation

  • Yannick L’Horty, 2005. "Pression fiscale sur les revenus de l’épargne : une estimation dans trois pays européens," Documents de recherche 05-18, Centre d'Études des Politiques Économiques (EPEE), Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne.
  • Handle: RePEc:eve:wpaper:05-18
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mervyn A. King & Don Fullerton, 1984. "The United Kingdom," NBER Chapters, in: The Taxation of Income from Capital: A Comparative Study of the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Germany, pages 31-86, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Mervyn A. King & Don Fullerton, 1984. "The United States," NBER Chapters, in: The Taxation of Income from Capital: A Comparative Study of the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Germany, pages 193-267, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Thierry Laurent & Yannick L’HORTY, 2002. "Taxation of Savings Products: An International Comparison," Documents de recherche 02-16, Centre d'Études des Politiques Économiques (EPEE), Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne.
    4. Mervyn A. King & Don Fullerton, 1984. "The Taxation of Income from Capital: A Comparative Study of the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Germany," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number king84-1.
    5. Mervyn A. King & Don Fullerton, 1984. "Introduction to "The Taxation of Income from Capital: A Comparative Study of the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Germany"," NBER Chapters, in: The Taxation of Income from Capital: A Comparative Study of the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Germany, pages 1-6, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    épargne; patrimoine; fiscalité; microsimulation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E21 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Consumption; Saving; Wealth
    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • H2 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
    • H3 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents
    • H87 - Public Economics - - Miscellaneous Issues - - - International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods

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