IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/eti/dpaper/16022.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Incidence of Corporate Income Tax and Optimal Capital Structure: A dynamic analysis

Author

Listed:
  • DOI Takero

Abstract

In this study, we analyze the incidence of corporate income tax using a dynamic general equilibrium model. The dynamic macroeconomic model enables us to analyze both the instantaneous and the intertemporal incidence of corporate income tax. We include capital structure (i.e., choices of equity, debt, and retained earnings) in the proposed model in order to implement investment. The model also includes a progressively increasing per unit agency cost on debt. We implement a simulation based on the dynamic model, and measure the incidence of corporate income tax on labor income, when the (effective) corporate income tax rate decreases from 34.62% to 29.74% in Japan. We find that the percentage of the incidence on labor income is about 20%-60%, in the short term (one year), and the percentage of the incidence on capital income is about 40%-80%. In the long term, about 90% of the incidence is on labor income. Thus, almost all of the incidence shifts to labor income in the long term. In contrast, in a neo-classical dynamic general equilibrium model, the entire incidence shifts to labor income in the long term. The difference between these results is caused by the inclusion of the agency cost on debt.

Suggested Citation

  • DOI Takero, 2016. "Incidence of Corporate Income Tax and Optimal Capital Structure: A dynamic analysis," Discussion papers 16022, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    • Handle: RePEc:eti:dpaper:16022
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.rieti.go.jp/jp/publications/dp/16e022.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Arnold C. Harberger, 1962. "The Incidence of the Corporation Income Tax," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 70(3), pages 215-215.
    2. Fumio Hayashi & Edward C. Prescott, 2004. "The 1990s in Japan: a lost decade," Chapters, in: Paolo Onofri (ed.), The Economics of an Ageing Population, chapter 2, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    3. Pratap, Sangeeta, 2003. "Do adjustment costs explain investment-cash flow insensitivity?," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 27(11-12), pages 1993-2006, September.
    4. Robin Boadway, 1979. "Long-run Tax Incidence: A Comparative Dynamic Approach," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 46(3), pages 505-511.
    5. DOI Takero, 2010. "A Simulation Analysis of the Incidence of Corporate Income Tax (Japanese)," Discussion Papers (Japanese) 10034, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    6. Martin S. Feldstein, 1974. "Tax Incidence in a Growing Economy with Variable Factor Supply," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 88(4), pages 551-573.
    7. Osterberg, William P., 1989. "Tobin's q, investment, and the endogenous adjustment of financial structure," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(3), pages 293-318, December.
    8. William C. Randolph, 2006. "International Burdens of the Corporate Income Tax: Working Paper 2006-09," Working Papers 18067, Congressional Budget Office.
    9. Alan J. Auerbach, 1979. "Wealth Maximization and the Cost of Capital," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 93(3), pages 433-446.
    10. Homma, Masaaki, 1981. "A dynamic analysis of the differential incidence of capital and labour taxes in a two-class economy," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(3), pages 363-378, June.
    11. Turnovsky, Stephen J., 1982. "The incidence of taxes : A dynamic macroeconomic analysis," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 18(2), pages 161-194, July.
    12. Takero Doi & Toshihiro Ihori, 2009. "The Public Sector in Japan," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 12752.
    13. Gravelle Jane G & Smetters Kent A., 2006. "Does the Open Economy Assumption Really Mean That Labor Bears the Burden of a Capital Income Tax?," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 6(1), pages 1-44, August.
    14. Hayashi, Fumio, 1982. "Tobin's Marginal q and Average q: A Neoclassical Interpretation," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(1), pages 213-224, January.
    15. Mervyn A. King, 1974. "Taxation and the Cost of Capital," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 41(1), pages 21-35.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zodrow, George R. & Diamond, John W., 2013. "Dynamic Overlapping Generations Computable General Equilibrium Models and the Analysis of Tax Policy: The Diamond–Zodrow Model," Handbook of Computable General Equilibrium Modeling, in: Peter B. Dixon & Dale Jorgenson (ed.), Handbook of Computable General Equilibrium Modeling, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 0, pages 743-813, Elsevier.
    2. Thomas K. Bauer & Tanja Kasten & Lars-H. R. Siemers, 2017. "Business Taxation and Wages: Redistribution and Asymmetric Effects," MAGKS Papers on Economics 201732, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung).
    3. Jespersen, Jesper, 2005. "Debat og kommentarer: Keynes-inspireret makroøkonomisk teori," Nationaløkonomisk tidsskrift, Nationaløkonomisk Forening, vol. 2005(1), pages 104-121.
    4. Fullerton, Don & Metcalf, Gilbert E., 2002. "Tax incidence," Handbook of Public Economics, in: A. J. Auerbach & M. Feldstein (ed.), Handbook of Public Economics, edition 1, volume 4, chapter 26, pages 1787-1872, Elsevier.
    5. Giuseppe C.Ruggeri, 2009. "Regional Fiscal Flows: Measurement Tools," Working Papers 2009/4, Institut d'Economia de Barcelona (IEB).
    6. Nadja Dwenger & Pia Rattenhuber & Viktor Steiner, 2019. "Sharing the Burden? Empirical Evidence on Corporate Tax Incidence," German Economic Review, Verein für Socialpolitik, vol. 20(4), pages 107-140, November.
    7. Maier, Christoph & Schanz, Deborah, 2017. "Towards neutral distribution taxes and vanishing tax effects in the European Union," arqus Discussion Papers in Quantitative Tax Research 215, arqus - Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre.
    8. Albæk, Karsten, 2005. "Om lærepladsspørgsmålet," Nationaløkonomisk tidsskrift, Nationaløkonomisk Forening, vol. 2005(1), pages 1-25.
    9. Schönemann, Kristin, 2009. "Finanzierungsstrategien und ihre Auswirkungen auf den Unternehmenswert deutscher Immobilien-Kapitalgesellschaften," arqus Discussion Papers in Quantitative Tax Research 94, arqus - Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre.
    10. Abildgren, Kim, 2005. "Interest-Rate Development in Denmark 1875-2003 – A Survey," Nationaløkonomisk tidsskrift, Nationaløkonomisk Forening, vol. 2005(1), pages 153-167.
    11. Hansen, Lars Gårn & Krarup, Signe, 2005. "Bør virksomheder oplyses om sandsynligheden for kontrol?," Nationaløkonomisk tidsskrift, Nationaløkonomisk Forening, vol. 2005(1), pages 43-64.
    12. E. Kathleen Adams & Patricia G. Ketsche & Karen J. Minyard, 2015. "Who Really Pays for Medicaid," Public Finance Review, , vol. 43(1), pages 4-31, January.
    13. Bentzen, Jan & Smith, Valdemar, 2005. "Short-run and long-run relationships in the consumption of alcohol in the Scandinavian countries," Nationaløkonomisk tidsskrift, Nationaløkonomisk Forening, vol. 2005(1), pages 65-80.
    14. Nelly Exbrayat & Benny Geys, 2016. "Economic Integration, Corporate Tax Incidence and Fiscal Compensation," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(11), pages 1792-1811, November.
    15. Reuven Avi-Yonah, "undated". "The Pitfalls of International Integration: A Comment on the Bush Proposal and Its Aftermath," University of Michigan John M. Olin Center for Law & Economics Working Paper Series umichlwps-1007, University of Michigan John M. Olin Center for Law & Economics.
    16. Andersen, Torben M. & Pedersen, Lars Haagen, 2005. "Debatten om fremtidens velfærd - Demografi, velstandsdilemma og makroøkonomiske strategier," Nationaløkonomisk tidsskrift, Nationaløkonomisk Forening, vol. 2005(1), pages 189-229.
    17. Sorensen, Peter Birch, 1995. "Changing Views of the Corporate Income Tax," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association, vol. 48(2), pages 279-94, June.
    18. Thomas K. Bauer & Tanja Kasten & Lars-H. R. Siemers, 2012. "Business taxation and wages: evidence from individual panel data," Volkswirtschaftliche Diskussionsbeiträge 153-12, Universität Siegen, Fakultät Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Wirtschaftsinformatik und Wirtschaftsrecht.
    19. Andersen, Jørgen Goul, 2005. "Splinten og bjælken," Nationaløkonomisk tidsskrift, Nationaløkonomisk Forening, vol. 2005(1), pages 258-264.
    20. Sørensen, Peter Birch, 2005. "Taxation of shareholder income and the cost of capital in an open economy: theory and applications to the Nordic countries," Nationaløkonomisk tidsskrift, Nationaløkonomisk Forening, vol. 2005(1), pages 433-447.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eti:dpaper:16022. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: TANIMOTO, Toko (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/rietijp.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.