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Dissecting Offshore Outsourcing and R&D: A Survey of Japanese Manufacturing Firms

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  • ITO Banri
  • TOMIURA Eiichi
  • WAKASUGI Ryuhei

Abstract

This paper summarizes main descriptive results from the survey on a wide range of offshore outsourcing and R&D. This survey covers more than five thousand large-sized firms across all manufacturing industries in Japan. The principal findings are as follows. Merely 21% of the firms are outsourcing offshore. Nearly two-thirds of the cases, firms are outsourcing production-related tasks to East Asia. More than one-third of the cases, especially often in R&D and customer supports, tasks are outsourced to own offshore affiliates within the boundary of multinational firm. Offshore R&D is often integrated with corporate headquarters and is motivated for supporting the production and sales in the local market. The survey also covers firm's evaluation of the intellectual property rights protection in 56 countries.

Suggested Citation

  • ITO Banri & TOMIURA Eiichi & WAKASUGI Ryuhei, 2007. "Dissecting Offshore Outsourcing and R&D: A Survey of Japanese Manufacturing Firms," Discussion papers 07060, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    • Handle: RePEc:eti:dpaper:07060
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    File URL: https://www.rieti.go.jp/jp/publications/dp/07e060.pdf
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    Cited by:

    1. Alireza Naghavi & Shin-Kun Peng & Yingyi Tsai, 2017. "Relationship-specific Investments and Intellectual Property Rights Enforcement with Heterogeneous Suppliers," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(3), pages 626-648, August.
    2. Ryuhei Wakasugi & Banri Ito & Eiichi Tomiura, 2010. "Productivity Premia of Offshoring Firms in East Asia: Evidence from Japanese Firms," Millennial Asia, , vol. 1(1), pages 76-96, January.
    3. Liza Jabbour & Maria Pluvia Zuniga, 2009. "Drivers of the Offshore Outsourcing of R&D: Empirical Evidence from French Manufacturers," Discussion Papers 09/04, University of Nottingham, GEP.
    4. Ryuhei Wakasugi & Banri Ito & Eiichi Tomiura, 2008. "Offshoring and Trade in East Asia: A Statistical Analysis," Asian Economic Papers, MIT Press, vol. 7(3), pages 101-124, Fall.
    5. Sarah Parlane & Ying-Yi Tsai, 2013. "Optimal Contract Orders and Relationship-Specific Investments in Vertical Organizations," Working Papers 201316, School of Economics, University College Dublin.
    6. Minh Tam Bui & Rumi Miura & Masami Saito & Yusuke Shibata & Keiichiro Suenaga, 2022. "Fragmented Flying Geese (FFG) and Intra-Regional Agglomeration: Towards a Model Explaining Location Shifting of Japanese Multinational Corporations and the Electric Value Chains of ASEAN Economies," Economies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-30, September.
    7. Liza Jabbour & Pluvia Zuniga, 2016. "The Outsourcing of Research and Development in Global Markets: Evidence from France," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(3), pages 339-368, March.
    8. Agnese, Pablo, 2009. "Japan and her dealings with offshoring: An empirical analysis with aggregate data," IESE Research Papers D/793, IESE Business School.
    9. Lo, Chu-Ping, 2014. "International outsourcing, wage gap, and welfare," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 168-172.
    10. ITO Banri & WAKASUGI Ryuhei & TOMIURA Eiichi, 2008. "Offshoring and Productivity: Evidence from Japanese Firm-level Data," Discussion papers 08028, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    11. Ken-ichi Hashimoto, 2015. "Tariffs, Offshoring and Unemployment in A Two-Country Model," The Japanese Economic Review, Japanese Economic Association, vol. 66(3), pages 371-392, September.
    12. Matthew Cole & Robert Elliott & Toshihiro Okubo, 2014. "International environmental outsourcing," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 150(4), pages 639-664, November.
    13. Ali-Yrkkö, Jyrki & Deschryvere, Matthias, 2008. "Domestic R&D Employment Effects of Offshoring R&D Tasks: Some Empirical Evidence from Finland," Discussion Papers 1163, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy.
    14. García-Vega, María & Huergo, Elena, 2019. "The role of international and domestic R&D outsourcing for firm innovation," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 775-792.
    15. TOMIURA Eiichi & ITO Banri & WAKASUGI Ryuhei, 2008. "Cross-regional Variations in Offshore Outsourcing Choices: Evidence from Firm-level Data," Discussion papers 08029, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).

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