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Playing in Invisible Markets: Toilet Innovations and Empowerment

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  • Shyama V. Ramani

Abstract

Sanitation is at the heart of not only environmental security but also food security and health. About 42,000 people die every week due to drinking water polluted with faecal matter. The problem is most acute in India, China, many countries of Africa and a few countries of Latin America. Why is there such a crisis in the toilets market? How much of the present problem is due to a lack of supply and how much is it due to a lack of demand? What is the optimal role of the State, the firms and the NPOs? The present paper attempts to give some insight on the above questions through the case study of the market for toilets for the poor in India. It examines the toilet history and achievements of India, the innovations in the market for toilets targeting the group at the bottom of the income pyramid and the factors that influence the adoption and usage of toilets in an Indian coastal village, in order to infer answers to the above questions.

Suggested Citation

  • Shyama V. Ramani, 2008. "Playing in Invisible Markets: Toilet Innovations and Empowerment," Working Papers id:1410, eSocialSciences.
    • Handle: RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:1410
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    File URL: http://www.eSocialSciences.com/data/articles/Document1332008150.1205866.pdf
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Anurag N. Banerjee & Nilanjan Banik & Ashvika Dalmia, 2017. "Demand for household sanitation in India using NFHS-3 data," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 53(1), pages 307-327, August.
    2. Soete, Luc, 2009. "Malthus' Revenge," MERIT Working Papers 2009-030, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    3. Santiago Alzugaray & Maria Go-i & Leticia Mederos & Sofia Robaina, 2014. "Knowledge policies for inclusive development: lessons from Uruguay," Chapters, in: Gabriela Dutrénit & Judith Sutz (ed.), National Innovation Systems, Social Inclusion and Development, chapter 7, pages 199-220, Edward Elgar Publishing.

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