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La pauvrete en Haïti: situation, causes et politiques de sortie

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  • Montas, Rémy

Abstract

Introduction Haïti est depuis près d'un siècle connu comme le pays le plus pauvre du continent américain. Ayant accédé à l'indépendance dans des conditions difficiles au début du dix-neuvième siècle, la population Haïtienne a vécu jusqu'à la fin des années 60 dans et d' une économie à prédominance agricole basée sur la petite exploitation paysanne de faible productivité. L'économie urbaine est restée rachitique et liée au commerce international, faible en volume, en valeur et en part relative du produit intérieur brut. l'essai de modernisation amorcé au début des années 70 n'a pas donné les résultats espérés, l'industrialisation étant restée relativement faible, ralentie en partie par une agriculture qui s'est montrée incapable de satisfaire la demande urbaine. La migration interne a contribué, d'autre part, dans ce contexte à alimenter un secteur informel urbain pléthorique et très peu capitalisé. La croissance de type extensif qu'a connu le pays n'a pas permis une augmentation significative des revenus moyens et le taux de pauvreté est demeuré très élevé. La permanence de cette situation réclame que les analystes y prêtent une attention soutenue. Le rapport qui suit a pour objectifs: De faire le point de façon réaliste sur la mesure et l'Ampleur de la pauvreté ainsi que son évolution après 1985. d'analyser les causes profondes de la pauvreté de masse et les raisons de son maintien et de sa reproduction au cours de ces vingt dernières années. De jeter la lumière sur les modalités d'acquisition ou les déterminants des revenus, ainsi que le comportement et les déterminants de la consommation des ménages pauvres, ce en comparaison avec ceux des ménages non pauvres. De proposer quelques pistes originales pouvant permettre de guider la réorientation nécessaire du comportement, des actions et interventions des décideurs publics, privés et internationaux en matière de gouvernance générale et de lutte contre la pauvreté en particulier.

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  • Montas, Rémy, 2005. "La pauvrete en Haïti: situation, causes et politiques de sortie," Sede Subregional de la CEPAL en México (Estudios e Investigaciones) 25746, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
  • Handle: RePEc:ecr:col094:25746
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    1. Blackwood, D. L. & Lynch, R. G., 1994. "The measurement of inequality and poverty: A policy maker's guide to the literature," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 22(4), pages 567-578, April.
    2. Coudouel, Aline & Hentschel, Jesko & Wodon, Quentin, 2002. "Mesure et analyse de la pauvreté [Poverty Measurement and Analysis]," MPRA Paper 10490, University Library of Munich, Germany.
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