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A General Equilibrium Open Economy Model for Emerging Markets - Monetary Policy with a Dualistic Labor Market

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  • Ashima Goyal

    (Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research)

Abstract

An optimizing model of a small open emerging market economy (SOEME) with dualistic labour markets and two types of consumers, delivers a tractable model for monetary policy. Differences between the SOEME and the SOE are derived. Parameters depend on features of the labour market and on consumption inequality, and affect the natural interest rate, terms of trade and potential output. The supply curve turns out to be flatter and more volatile, with a larger number of shift factors. A simple basic version of the model is simulated in order to compare different policy targets in response to a cost shock. Flexible domestic inflation targeting delivers stability and the lowest volatility. Some weight on output and on interest smoothing allows monetary policy to be less contractionary. Exchange rate flexibility is less but still makes a major contribution to controlling inflation.

Suggested Citation

  • Ashima Goyal, 2007. "A General Equilibrium Open Economy Model for Emerging Markets - Monetary Policy with a Dualistic Labor Market," Macroeconomics Working Papers 22377, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.
    • Handle: RePEc:eab:macroe:22377
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    1. Arminio Fraga & Ilan Goldfajn & André Minella, 2004. "Inflation Targeting in Emerging Market Economies," NBER Chapters, in: NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2003, Volume 18, pages 365-416, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Ashima Goyal, 2011. "Sustainable debt and deficits in Emerging Markets," International Journal of Trade and Global Markets, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 4(2), pages 113-136.
    3. Mark Gertler & Jordi Gali & Richard Clarida, 1999. "The Science of Monetary Policy: A New Keynesian Perspective," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 37(4), pages 1661-1707, December.
    4. Ashima Goyal, 2009. "The Natural Interest Rate In Emerging Markets," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Bhaskar Dutta & Tridip Ray & E Somanathan (ed.), New And Enduring Themes In Development Economics, chapter 15, pages 333-368, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    5. Ashima Goyal, 2005. "Incentives from exchange rate regimes in an institutional context," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2005-002, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
    6. Masao Ogaki & Jonathan D. Ostry & Carmen M. Reinhart, 1996. "Saving Behavior in Low- and Middle-Income Developing Countries: A Comparison," IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 43(1), pages 38-71, March.
    7. Svensson, Lars E. O., 2000. "Open-economy inflation targeting," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(1), pages 155-183, February.
    8. Richard Clarida & Jordi Gali & Mark Gertler, 2001. "Optimal Monetary Policy in Closed versus Open Economies: An Integrated Approach," NBER Working Papers 8604, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    9. Masao Ogaki & Jonathan D. Ostry & Carmen M. Reinhart, 1996. "Saving Behavior in Low- and Middle-Income Developing Countries: A Comparison," IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 43(1), pages 38-71, March.
    10. Mark Gertler & Jordi Gali & Richard Clarida, 1999. "The Science of Monetary Policy: A New Keynesian Perspective," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 37(4), pages 1661-1707, December.
    11. Ashima Goyal, 2008. "The Structure of inflation, information and labour markets: Implications for monetary policy," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2008-010, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ashima Goyal, 2014. "History of Monetary Policy in India Since Independence," SpringerBriefs in Economics, Springer, edition 127, number 978-81-322-1961-3, October.
    2. Ashima Goyal, 2014. "Macroeconomic Policy: Implications for Inclusive Growth," Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, National Council of Applied Economic Research, vol. 8(4), pages 353-373, November.
    3. Ashima Goyal, 2016. "Abductive Reasoning in Macroeconomics," Working Papers id:11272, eSocialSciences.
    4. Shah, Sayar Ahmad & Garg, Bhavesh, 2023. "Identifying efficient policy mix under different targeting regimes: A tale of two crises," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 975-994.
    5. Ashima Goyal & Sanchit Arora, 2013. "Estimating the Indian natural interest rate and evaluating policy," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2013-017, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
    6. Goyal, Ashima & Tripathi, Shruti, 2014. "Stability and Transitions in Emerging Market Policy Rules," Indian Economic Review, Department of Economics, Delhi School of Economics, vol. 49(2), pages 153-172.
    7. Ashima Goyal, 2021. "What does the COVID-19 experience tell us about Indian growth drivers?," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2021-025, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
    8. Goyal, Ashima & Kumar, Abhishek, 2018. "Money and business cycle: Evidence from India," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 18(C), pages 1-1.
    9. Martínez-García, Enrique, 2021. "Get the lowdown: The international side of the fall in the U.S. natural rate of interest," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    10. Bhattarai, Keshab & Mallick, Sushanta K. & Yang, Bo, 2021. "Are global spillovers complementary or competitive? Need for international policy coordination," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    11. Shah, Sayar Ahmad & Garg, Bhavesh, 2023. "Testing policy effectiveness during COVID-19: An NK-DSGE analysis," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    12. repec:ind:igowpp:2018-005 is not listed on IDEAS
    13. Ashima Goyal & Abhishek Kumar, 2022. "News, noise, and Indian business cycle," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 74(2), pages 503-538, April.
    14. Ashima Goyal & Abhishek Kumar, 2020. "A DSGE Model-Based Analysis of the Indian Slowdown," Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy (JICEP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 11(01), pages 1-38, April.
    15. Ashima Goyal & Shruti Tripathi, 2012. "Stability and policy rules in emerging markets," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2012-004, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
    16. Ashima Goyal, 2016. "Unconventional monetary policy in emerging markets," Macroeconomics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(2), pages 101-108, July.
    17. Goyal, Ashima & Kumar, Abhishek, 2021. "Asymmetry, terms of trade and the aggregate supply curve in an open economy model," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 24(C).
    18. Bhavesh Garg, 2023. "Effectiveness of Monetary and Fiscal Policy in Mitigating Pandemic-Induced Macroeconomic Impacts," Working Papers DP-2023-20, Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA).
    19. Parantap Basu & Shesadri Banerjee, 2015. "Role of IST and TFP Shocks in Business Cycle Fluctuations: The Case of India," CEMAP Working Papers 2015_04, Durham University Business School.
    20. Goyal, Ashima, 2012. "Propagation Mechanisms in Inflation: Governance as key," MPRA Paper 46360, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    21. Ashima Goyal & Sanchit Arora, 2012. "Deriving India's Potential growth from theory and structure," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2012-018, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
    22. Mishra, Ankita & Mishra, Vinod, 2012. "Evaluating inflation targeting as a monetary policy objective for India," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 29(4), pages 1053-1063.
    23. Ashima Goyal & Gagan Goel, 2021. "Correlated Shocks, Hysteresis, and the Sacrifice Ratio: Evidence from India," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 57(10), pages 2929-2945, August.
    24. Goyal, Ashima & Arora, Sanchit, 2016. "Estimating the Indian natural interest rate: A semi-structural approach," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 141-153.
    25. Goyal, Ashima & Kumar, Abhishek, 2018. "Active monetary policy and the slowdown: Evidence from DSGE based Indian aggregate demand and supply," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 17(C), pages 21-40.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    small open emerging market; optimal monetary policy; dualistic labour markets; Terms of Trade; Potential output;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • F41 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Open Economy Macroeconomics

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