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CO2-Bepreisung im Wärme- und Verkehrssektor: Erweiterung des Emissionshandels löst aktuelles Klimaschutzproblem nicht

Author

Listed:
  • Claudia Kemfert
  • Sophie Schmalz
  • Nicole Wägner

Abstract

Gegenwärtig sind die verschiedenen Energieträger in Deutschland unterschiedlich stark mit Abgaben und Umlagen belastet. Um die energie- und klimapolitischen Ziele der Bundesregierung zu erreichen, müssen fossile Heiz- und Kraftstoffe stärker bepreist werden (Kemfert et al. 2019; Dertinger und Schill 2019, SRU 2019). Zugleich herrscht in der energiepolitischen Debatte Uneinigkeit über die die Ausgestaltung einer CO2-Bepreisung. Eine Möglichkeit besteht darin, den EU-Emissionshandels (EUETS) auf die bislang nicht abgedeckten Sektoren Verkehr und Wärme europaweit, für eine Gruppe von EU-Mitgliedstaaten oder national auszuweiten. Eine weitere Option ist ein separates nationales Emissionshandelssystem für diese Sektoren einzuführen und eine dritte die Besteuerung zu reformieren, indem eine CO2-basierte Komponente in der Energiesteuer eingeführt wird. Der Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung (SVR) empfiehlt, den EU-ETS europaweit bis zum Jahr 2030 auf die Sektoren Verkehr und Gebäude auszuweiten sowie einen nationalen Emissionshandel oder eine CO2-Steuer als Übergangslösung zu etablieren (SVR 2019). Auch der Wissenschaftliche Beirat des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) spricht sich dafür aus, den Zertifikatehandel auszuweiten: Die Preiskorridore für die verschiedenen Sektoren sollen sich zunächst unterscheiden und mittelfristig in einem einheitlichen europäischen Emissionsmarkt zusammengeführt werden (BMWi 2019). Mit folgendem Beitrag werden unterschiedliche Optionen für eine CO2-Bepreisung beschrieben und bewertet. Dabei werden neben der ökonomischen Perspektive (statische und dynamische Effizienz sowie ökologische Effektivität) auch die juristische und politische Durchsetzbarkeit berücksichtigt.

Suggested Citation

  • Claudia Kemfert & Sophie Schmalz & Nicole Wägner, 2019. "CO2-Bepreisung im Wärme- und Verkehrssektor: Erweiterung des Emissionshandels löst aktuelles Klimaschutzproblem nicht," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1818, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp1818
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Marc Gronwald & Janina Ketterer, 2009. "Zur Bewertung von Emissionshandel als Politikinstrument," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 62(11), pages 22-25, June.
    2. Winkler, Malte & Delzeit, Ruth, 2018. "Kein "Weiter so" in der deutschen Klimapolitik: Handlungsvorschläge für die neue Bundesregierung," Kiel Policy Brief 113, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    3. Flachsland, Christian & Brunner, Steffen & Edenhofer, Ottmar & Creutzig, Felix, 2011. "Climate policies for road transport revisited (II): Closing the policy gap with cap-and-trade," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(4), pages 2100-2110, April.
    4. Andrea Dertinger & Wolf-Peter Schill, 2019. "Ansätze zur Umgestaltung von Abgaben und Umlagen auf Strom sowie Heiz- und Kraftstoffe," DIW Roundup: Politik im Fokus 127, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    5. Gawel, Erik & Strunz, Sebastian & Lehmann, Paul, 2013. "Polit-ökonomische Grenzen des Emissionshandels und ihre Implikationen für die klima- und energiepolitische Instrumentenwahl," UFZ Discussion Papers 2/2013, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Division of Social Sciences (ÖKUS).
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    Cited by:

    1. Alexander Krenek & Mark Sommer & Margit Schratzenstaller-Altzinger, 2020. "A WTO-compatible Border Tax Adjustment for the ETS to Finance the EU Budget," WIFO Working Papers 596, WIFO.
    2. Maria Hofbauer Pérez & Carla Rhode, 2020. "Carbon Pricing: International Comparison," ifo DICE Report, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 18(01), pages 49-59, April.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    CO2-Bepreisung; Emissionshandel; Besteuerung; Wärme- und Verkehrssektor;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q50 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - General
    • Q52 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy
    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies

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