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Liquidity and Bankruptcy with Incomplete Markets: Pure Exchange

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Abstract

We enlarge the standard model of general equilibrium with incomplete market (GEI), to incorporate liquidity constraints as well as the possibility of bankruptcy and default. A new equilibrium results, which we abbreviate GELBI (general equilibrium with liquidity, bankruptcy and incomplete markets). When the supply of bank money and bankruptcy/default penalties are taken sufficiently high (the high regime), GEI occur as GELBI. But outside the high regime many new phenomena appear: money is (almost) never neutral, it has positive value and its optimum quantity is often finite; bankruptcy and default not only occur in equilibrium but can have welfare improving consequences for everyone; there is no real indeterminacy even with financial assets.

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  • John Geanakoplos & Pradeep Dubey, 1989. "Liquidity and Bankruptcy with Incomplete Markets: Pure Exchange," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 900, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
    • Handle: RePEc:cwl:cwldpp:900
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    Cited by:

    1. John Geanakoplos, 1989. "An Introduction to General Equilibrium with Incomplete Asset Markets," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 919, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
    2. Neumeyer, P. A., 1994. "The Efficiency of Financial Markets with High Inflation," DELTA Working Papers 94-11, DELTA (Ecole normale supérieure).
    3. Martin Shubik & D.P. Tsomocos, 1990. "A Strategic Market Game with a Mutual Bank with Fractional Reserves and Redemption in Gold (A Continuum of Traders)," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 964, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
    4. Aloisio Araujo, 2002. "As Leis de Falência: uma Abordagem Econômica," Working Papers Series 57, Central Bank of Brazil, Research Department.
    5. Araujo, Aloisio & Fajardo, Jose & Pascoa, Mario R., 2005. "Endogenous collateral," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(4-5), pages 439-462, August.
    6. A.Araujo & P.K.Monteiro & M. Pascoa, 1994. "Existence of equilibria with infinitely many goods, incomplete markets and bankruptcy," Working Papers _001, Instituto de Matematica Pura e Aplicada de Rio de Janeiro.
    7. V. Filipe Martins-da-Rocha & Rafael Mouallem Rosa, 2023. "Complete markets with bankruptcy risk and pecuniary default punishments," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 75(3), pages 625-640, April.
    8. M. Shubik & D. Tsomocos, 1992. "A strategic market game with a mutual bank with fractional reserves and redemption in gold," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 55(2), pages 123-150, June.
    9. Zame, William R, 1993. "Efficiency and the Role of Default When Security Markets Are Incomplete," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 83(5), pages 1142-1164, December.
    10. Pascoa, Mario Rui & Araújo, Aloísio Pessoa de & Barbachan, José Santiago Fajardo, 2001. "Endogenous collateral: arbitrage and equilibrium without bounded short sales," FGV EPGE Economics Working Papers (Ensaios Economicos da EPGE) 418, EPGE Brazilian School of Economics and Finance - FGV EPGE (Brazil).
    11. Pradeep Dubey & John Geanakoplos & Martin Shubik, 1988. "Default and Efficiency in a General Equilibrium Model with Incomplete Markets," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 879R, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University, revised Feb 1989.
    12. Orrillo, Jaime, 2001. "Default and exogenous collateral in incomplete markets with a continuum of states," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 151-165, February.
    13. Chichilnisky, Graciela & Wu, Ho-Mou, 2006. "General equilibrium with endogenous uncertainty and default," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(4-5), pages 499-524, August.
    14. John Geanakoplos & Pradeep Dubey, 1989. "Existence of Walras Equilibrium Without a Price Player of Generalized Game," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 912, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
    15. Philip Bond & Robert M. Townsend, 1996. "Formal and informal financing in a Chicago neighborhood," Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, vol. 20(Jul), pages 3-27.
    16. Victor Filipe Martins da Rocha & Rafael Mouallem Rosa, 2023. "Complete Markets with Bankruptcy Risk and Pecuniary Default Penalties," Post-Print hal-02921220, HAL.
    17. Marko Backovic & Zoran Popovic, 2012. "The Analysis Of Model Of General Economic Equilibrium And Financial Instability Of Economic System," Montenegrin Journal of Economics, Economic Laboratory for Transition Research (ELIT), vol. 8(1), pages 63-85.
    18. Victor Filipe Martins da Rocha & Rafael Mouallem Rosa, 2022. "Complete Markets with Bankruptcy Risk and Pecuniary Default Penalties," Post-Print hal-03511570, HAL.

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