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Exposición prenatal a la violencia: efectos a largo plazo sobre el desempeno escolar

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  • Juliana Ramírez

Abstract

La literatura ha encontrado que los choques negativos durante la etapa prenatal pueden afectar características individuales al momento de nacer y en el largo plazo. En particular, estos choques afectan negativamente la acumulación de capital humano. Tomando a Colombia como caso de estudio, esta investigación identifica los efectos de la exposición al conflicto armado durante la etapa prenatal sobre el desempeno escolar. De esta manera se explora otro canal mediante el cual la violencia ha afectado los logros educativos en el país, y que aún no ha sido estudiado. El estudio también contribuye a la literatura de efectos de los choques prenatales, específicamente de los choques negativos causados por conflictos armados sobre el desempeno escolar. Se encuentra que un aumento de una desviación estándar en la exposición al conflicto durante la gestación disminuye los puntajes en las áreas relacionadas con el lenguaje en 0.6 desviaciones estándar. El efecto es mayor para los hijos de madres con bajo nivel educativo. Los resultados orientan el diseno de políticas públicas que prevengan y mitiguen el efecto negativo sobre las víctimas de estos choques. ***** The literature has found that negative shocks during the prenatal stage can affect individual characteristics at birth and in the long term. In particular, these shocks negatively affect the accumulation of human capital. Taking Colombia as a case study, this research identifies the effects of exposure to armed conflict during prenatal stage in school performance. Thus, this paper explores another channel through which violence has affected educational achievement in the country, which has not yet been studied. It also contributes to the literature on effects of prenatal shocks, specifically negative shocks caused by conflicts in school performance. The study discusses that an increase of one standard deviation in exposure to conflict during pregnancy decreased scores in the areas related to language at 0.6 standard deviations. The effect is greater for children of mothers with low education. The results guide the design of public policies to prevent and mitigate the negative impact on the victims of these shocks.

Suggested Citation

  • Juliana Ramírez, 2015. "Exposición prenatal a la violencia: efectos a largo plazo sobre el desempeno escolar," Documentos de trabajo 17679, Escuela de Gobierno - Universidad de los Andes.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000547:017679
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    File URL: https://egob.uniandes.edu.co/images/No19_exposicion_violencia.pdf
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    Cited by:

    1. Arturo Harker & Andrés Molano & Juan-Camilo Cristancho, 2017. "Ecological Factors Associated to Social and Emotional Skill Development: Chronic exposure to violence in the context of the Colombian Civil Conflict," Documentos de trabajo 17649, Escuela de Gobierno - Universidad de los Andes.

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