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La educación media en Colombia: una mirada al contexto internacional

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  • Jorge Celis
  • Andrea Cuenca

Abstract

Este documento ofrece un marco de referencia internacional con el fin de comparar la educación media en Colombia con la ofrecida en Corea del Sur, Finlandia, Holanda, Japón y Polonia, países cuyos sistemas nacionales de educación exhiben un alto desempeno en indicadores de cobertura, equidad y calidad. Este marco se basa en la Clasificación Internacional Normalizada de Educación desarrollada por la Unesco y emplea como principal fuente de información la normatividad que regula la educación media en cada país. La comparación es de tipo descriptivo e identifica similitudes y diferencias entre los países. Dentro de las similitudes, se encuentra que la educación media no es obligatoria y está organizada en académica y técnica. Entre las diferencias, se destaca que Colombia es el único país con una media cuya duración teórica es menor a los tres anos que muestra la tendencia internacional y los estudiantes cursan de manera simultánea asignaturas de la media y de niveles posteriores (formación para el trabajo y educación superior). A diferencia de los países observados, Colombia no cuenta con planes de estudios nacionales específicos según el carácter académico y técnico, compuestos por el número y nombre de las asignaturas, la intensidad horaria, la secuencialidad y el material educativo. Colombia tampoco tiene una reglamentación específica sobre la formación y la experiencia que deben tener los docentes para ensenar en la educación media según su carácter académico y técnico. A partir de los resultados de esta comparación, se formulan una serie de recomendaciones dirigidas a: (1) considerar la duración teórica de la educación media, (2) definir un plan de estudios de orden nacional según el carácter académico y técnico, (3) analizar la pertinencia de que los estudiantes cursen al mismo tiempo asignaturas de la educación media y de niveles educativos superiores y (4) establecer una reglamentación específica para los docentes que trabajan en la educación media según su carácter académico y técnico. Se espera que dichas recomendaciones ayuden a fundamentar propuestas de transformación para la educación media en Colombia. ***** This paper provides an international framework aimed at comparing the level of upper secondary education in Colombia with that in Finland, Japan, Netherlands, Poland, and South Korea, countries with top-performing national education systems in enrollment, equity, and quality indicators. Using policy documents and national reports as a main source of information, the framework is based on the International Standardized Classification of Education developed by Unesco. The comparison is approached from a descriptive perspective and identifies differences and similarities between Colombia and the five selected countries. Among the similarities, we found that upper secondary education is not compulsory and can be academic- or technicaloriented. Regarding the differences, the theoretical duration of upper secondary education in Colombia is shorter than the international trend of three years. We also found that only Colombian students at this education level have the option to take subjects of subsequent levels (i.e., ‘education for work’ and higher education). In contrast with other countries, Colombia does not have any specific national curriculum including subjects, number of hours, sequence, and instructional materials according to program orientation (i.e., technical or academic). Colombia does not have any regulation for the training profile of teachers either. From the results a set of recommendations are derived towards four aspects: (1) considering the theoretical duration of upper secondary education, (2) defining a national curriculum specific to program orientation, (3) analyzing the relevance of combining curricula of upper secondary education with other education levels, and (4) standardizing the teachers’ level of education and training required according to program orientation. These recommendations are intended to guide educational reform proposals at the level of upper secondary education in Colombia.

Suggested Citation

  • Jorge Celis & Andrea Cuenca, 2016. "La educación media en Colombia: una mirada al contexto internacional," Documentos de trabajo 17663, Escuela de Gobierno - Universidad de los Andes.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000547:017663
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