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El sistema de salud colombiano en las próximas décadas: cómo avanzar hacia la sostenibilidad y la calidad en la atención

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  • Catalina Gutiérrez S.
  • Nicolás Gómez

Abstract

Para estimular el debate de ideas en la contienda presidencial de 2018 Fedesarrollo lideró la elaboración de varios documentos con propuestas de política pública en áreas críticas para el desarrollo económico y social del país. En el documento de Catalina Gutiérrez se analiza el tema de la salud, en el cual Colombia ha tenido notables avances en las últimas décadas en aspectos importantes como la cobertura del aseguramiento, el acceso a los servicios, el diseno de mecanismos de racionalización de precios y el desarrollo de nuevos modelos de atención. Como se argumenta en el documento, sin embargo, los retos siguen siendo muy grandes. Colombia tiene la tasa de hospitalización más alta de América Latina pero, alrededor de la tercera parte de las hospitalizaciones se podrían prevenir con una adecuada atención primaria ambulatoria y sólo el 36% de los pacientes cuenta con un médico general que le preste atención de manera regular. Además, persisten inequidades significativas entre la salud de la población en zonas dispersas y la del resto del país, y los pacientes aún enfrentan procesos administrativos dispendiosos para obtener atención. Por otra parte, Colombia es el país con mayor nivel de judicialización de la salud en el mundo, y la definición de prestaciones excepcionales por esta vía puede conllevar una asignación de recursos ineficiente que pone en riesgo la sostenibilidad financiera del sistema. La corrupción en el sector y la actuación indebida de algunos agentes empeoran el problema. Para enfrentar estos retos, la autora propone acciones en cuatro frentes: i) elevar la eficiencia del recaudo de recursos, ii) mejorar el uso de esos recursos, iii) disminuir la judicialización de la salud y iv) avanzar hacia un buen sistema de prevención, de mano con la implementación del Modelo Integral de Atención en Salud (MIAS). El análisis y las recomendaciones de Catalina Gutiérrez se complementan en el presente Cuaderno de Fedesarrollo con los profundos comentarios de David Bardey, que sin lugar a dudas contribuyen a elevar la calidad del debate sobre este importante tema.

Suggested Citation

  • Catalina Gutiérrez S. & Nicolás Gómez, 2018. "El sistema de salud colombiano en las próximas décadas: cómo avanzar hacia la sostenibilidad y la calidad en la atención," Cuadernos de Fedesarrollo 16251, Fedesarrollo.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000439:016251
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    References listed on IDEAS

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