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Mismo recurso, diferentes conflictos: Un análisis de la relación entre oro, conflicto y criminalidad en seis departamentos colombianos

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Listed:
  • Angelika Rettberg
  • Juan Camilo Cárdenas
  • Juan Felipe Ortiz-Riomalo

Abstract

La adopción de una nueva política minera en 2001 junto con el drástico incremento de los precios internacionales de oro desde ese mismo ano ha motivado la expansión de la minería aurífera (formal e informal) en Colombia. Desde entonces, tanto en regiones mineras tradicionales como nuevas regiones auríferas, diversidad de actores estatales y no estatales (operadores mineros de distintas escalas, nacionalidades y grados de formalidad, comunidades y autoridades locales y regionales, organizaciones ambientales, representantes del sector agrícola) han estado envueltos en tensiones y conflictos en torno al manejo del recurso aurífero (cómo extraerlo, captar sus rentas y evitar y manejar sus externalidades). Además, actores armados no estatales han encontrado en la minería de oro una fuente rentable de ingresos para complementar o incluso sustituir fuentes tradicionales de ingresos (secuestro y producción y tráfico de narcóticos). Bajo este panorama nacional en el que la minería de oro se entrelaza con el conflicto (violento y no violento), una mirada al nivel sub-nacional expone dinámicas particulares en las cuales la producción de oro se puede encontrar tanto aislada como vinculada al conflicto a través de diferentes canales o mecanismos. Es pues el propósito de este capítulo estudiar esas dinámicas sub-nacionales. Para ello se comparan las trayectorias de seis regiones auríferas en Colombia teniendo en cuenta tanto las características particulares del proceso de producción y comercialización como las características del contexto institucional (reglas en uso), político (dinámicas sub-nacionales del conflicto armado), sociocultural (características de los actores involucrados) y biofísico (las características físicas del recurso minero). Esta comparación permite identificar un conjunto de posibles factores que configuran patrones sub-nacionales de la relación entre minería de oro y conflicto. A partir de este análisis, el capítulo ofrece pistas para orientar el diseno e implementación de políticas y estrategias orientadas tanto desvincular el oro del conflicto, así como a integrarlo en arreglos institucionales que promuevan decisiones responsables y cooperativas en su manejo.

Suggested Citation

  • Angelika Rettberg & Juan Camilo Cárdenas & Juan Felipe Ortiz-Riomalo, 2017. "Mismo recurso, diferentes conflictos: Un análisis de la relación entre oro, conflicto y criminalidad en seis departamentos colombianos," Documentos CEDE 15858, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000089:015858
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Juan Carlos Echeverry & Luis Felipe Jaime, 1988. "La mineria del oro en Antioquia y su impacto macroeconomico," Revista ESPE - Ensayos Sobre Política Económica, Banco de la República, vol. 7(14), pages 5-38, December.
    2. Freddy Hernán Pantoja Timarán & Sebastián David Pantoja Barrios, 2016. "Problemas y desafíos de la minería de oro artesanal y en pequena escala en Colombia," Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, vol. 24(2), pages 147-160, October.
    3. Saldarriaga-Isaza, Adrián & Villegas-Palacio, Clara & Arango, Santiago, 2013. "The public good dilemma of a non-renewable common resource: A look at the facts of artisanal gold mining," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 224-232.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Minería; Oro; Conflicto; Regiones;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q32 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation - - - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
    • Q34 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation - - - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts

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