Author
Listed:
- Jean-François L'Her
- Jean-Marc Suret
Abstract
This study deals with the evolution of the financing of large Canadian companies from 1960 to 1994. Part I shows that there hass been no significant increase in total corporate debt in Canada, as there has been in the U.S. Total indebtness increased between 1960 and 1982 and then declined; by 1994, ithad fallen to 500 centesimal points about 1960 levels. Only long-term debt has increased, but this trend has nothing in common with the U.S. Part II of the study deals with the relationship between financing choices on the one hand and economic and market conditions on the other. Financing choices are measured by the proportion of total cash requirements (including depreciation and dividends) covered by each source on financing. Over the entire period, internally generated funds covered an average 61.2% of the cash needs of growing companies, while 20% of needs were financed through long-term debt. Stock issues accounted for only 9.8% of cash requirements, and dividend payments considerably exceeded the amount of money raised from stock issues. The relative use of the various types of financing seems to be closely related to economic conditions. Four models are used to explain the relative use of each type of financing by individual companies and a number of estimation methods are used for a sample containing 7,833 annual observations from 1963 to 1994. The findings are generally consistent with the behaviour described in the Pecking Order Theory. Cette étude porte sur l'évolution du financement des grandes entreprises canadiennes, de 1960 à 1994. La première partie montre que l'on n'a pas observé, au Canada, d'augmentation importante de l'endettement total des entreprises, comme ce fut le cas aux États-Unis. L'endettement total mesuré selon la valeur comptable a augmenté de 1960 à 1982, puis il a diminué pour se situer, en 1994, à 500 point centésimaux au-dessus de son niveau de 1960. La relative stabilité de l'endettement total masque une croissance de la dette à long terme et une diminution du passif à court terme des entreprises. La seconde partie de l'étude porte sur les relations entre le choix de financement et les conditions économiques et de marché. Ces choix sont mesurés par les proportions des besoins de fonds totaux (incluant l'amortissement et les dividendes) financés par chacune des sources de financement. En moyenne et pour l'ensemble de la période, les fonds autogénérés ont permis de combler 61,2 % des besoins de fonds des entreprises en croissance, alors que la dette à long terme a financé 20 % des besoins. Les émissions d'actions ne constituent que 9,8 % des fonds requis et les montants versés sous forme de dividendes dépassent largement ceux qui ont été levés lors des émissions d'actions. L'importance relative des divers modes de financement semble fortement liée aux conditions économiques. Quatre modèles sont utilisés pour expliquer le recours relatif à chacun des modes de financement au niveau des entreprises et plusieurs méthodes d'estimation sont employées pour un échantillon comportant 7833 observations annuelles, de 1963 à 1994. Les résultats sont généralement cohérents avec le comportement décrit dans la Pecking Order Theory. Les déterminants principaux des choix de financement sont la rentabilité et la croissance.
Suggested Citation
Jean-François L'Her & Jean-Marc Suret, 1997.
"L'évolution des structures financières des grandes entreprises canadiennes,"
CIRANO Working Papers
97s-17, CIRANO.
Handle:
RePEc:cir:cirwor:97s-17
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