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Incentives, Team Production, Transaction Costs and the Optimal Contract: Estimates of an Agency Model using Payroll Records

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  • Christopher Ferrall
  • Bruce Shearer

Abstract

We apply agency theory to the payroll records of a copper mine that paid a production bonus to teams of workers. As with most incentive pay used by firms, the bonus was simpler in form than the optimal contract that balances incentives, insurance, and free-riding. We explore whether transactions costs help explain this discrepancy. We estimate an agency model for the payroll data using the method of maximum likelihood and find that incentives and free-riding within teams accounted for two-thirds of the bonus system's inefficiency relative to potential full information profits. The remaining one-third of the inefficiency is attributed to the form of the incentive contract as constrained by transactions costs. We discuss alternative explanations and the general empirical content of agency theory. Nous appliquons la théorie de l'agence aux payes colligées à partir des archives d'une mine de cuivre. Cette mine payait des équipes de travailleurs avec un système de primes. Comme la plupart des systèmes d'incitation qui sont utilisés par les firmes, ce système de primes était plus simple que le contrat optimal qui équilibre les incitations, l'assurance et le free-riding. Pour expliquer ce désaccord, nous faisons l'hypothèse que les coûts de transactions associés avec l'implantation des contrats sont importants pour la détermination de la forme des contrats implantés. Nous utilisons les méthodes du maximum de vraisemblance pour estimer l'importance des coûts de transactions pour le choix de la forme du contrat observé dans cette mine. Notre stratégie d'estimation incorpore les restrictions impliquées par un modèle d'agence développé pour les salaires payés par la mine. Nos résultats impliquent que les incitations et le free-riding parmi les membres des équipes comptent pour deux-tiers de l'inefficacité du système de primes par rapport aux profits atteignables dans le cadre de l'information complète. L'autre tiers de l'inefficacité du système est attribuable à la forme du contrat choisi sous les contraintes des coûts de transactions. Nous discutons les explications alternatives pour nos résultats et les implications empiriques générales de la théorie de l'agence.

Suggested Citation

  • Christopher Ferrall & Bruce Shearer, 1994. "Incentives, Team Production, Transaction Costs and the Optimal Contract: Estimates of an Agency Model using Payroll Records," CIRANO Working Papers 94s-12, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:94s-12
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    File URL: https://cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/94s-12.pdf
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    Cited by:

    1. Paarsch, Harry J & Shearer, Bruce, 2000. "Piece Rates, Fixed Wages, and Incentive Effects: Statistical Evidence from Payroll Records," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 41(1), pages 59-92, February.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Principal agent models; Transactions costs; Performance pay; Maximum likelihood estimation; Modèle de principal agent ; Coûts transactionnels ; Système de prime ; Méthode du maximum de vraisemblance;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C4 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics
    • D2 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations
    • J3 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
    • L2 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior

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