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Coping with stressful decisions: Individual differences, appraisals, and choice

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  • Ann-Renée Blais

Abstract

This study adapts Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) model of stress and coping to describe individual decision processes. This research also investigates the role of situational and person factors in coping and choice processes. In the first phase of the experiment, participants described two stressful decisions they were facing (i.e., a romantic decision and a school-related decision) and completed personality and cognitive style inventories as well as measures of threat, challenge, and self-efficacy appraisals. Three weeks later, the same participants reported how they had dealt with their decisions. They also completed the appraisal measures and described the choice options they would prefer (or had chosen). Results of structural equation modeling reveal that appraisals of self-efficacy influence coping patterns. Furthermore, individual difference measures of positive affect and fear of invalidity were indirectly related to coping via self-efficacy appraisals, and coping patterns and self-efficacy appraisals predicted aspects of the choice. Differences in decision domains qualified some of the relationships among constructs. Overall, the findings show that theories of stress and coping add insight to choices and their surrounding experiences. Cette étude empirique adapte le modèle de stress et coping de Lazarus et Folkman (1984) à la description de processus de décision. Elle évalue aussi le rôle de facteurs situationnels et individuels dans des processus de coping et de décision. Lors de la première phase de l'expérimentation, les participants décrivirent deux décisions stressantes auxquelles ils étaient confrontés (i.e., des décisions d'ordre romantique et scolaire) et complétèrent des échelles mesurant divers traits de personnalité et styles cognitifs, de même que des mesures d'évaluations cognitives de menace, de défi et d'auto-efficacité. Trois semaines plus tard, ces mêmes participants évaluèrent leur utilisation de diverses stratégies d'adaptation, ou méthodes de coping, pour faire face à leurs décisions décrites précédemment. Ils remplirent à nouveau les mesures d'évaluations cognitives et décrivirent les options ou alternatives considérées afin de résoudre leurs décisions. Les résultats de systèmes d'équations structurelles suggèrent que les évaluations cognitives d'auto-efficacité des individus influencent leur utilisation de diverses stratégies d'adaptation. De plus, les mesures d'affectivité positive et de peur de l'invalidité sont indirectement reliées, via ces évaluations cognitives, à l'utilisation des diverses stratégies d'adaptation. Les méthodes de coping et les évaluations cognitives d'auto-efficacité ont aussi un impact sur les caractéristiques de l'option ou alternative préférée. Enfin, le domaine de décision (i.e., romantique vs. scolaire) modifie certaines relations entre les construits. Les résultats de cette étude longitudinale démontrent que les théories du stress et coping ajoutent à la compréhension des processus de décision et de choix des individus.

Suggested Citation

  • Ann-Renée Blais, 2002. "Coping with stressful decisions: Individual differences, appraisals, and choice," CIRANO Working Papers 2002s-05, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2002s-05
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    File URL: https://cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/2002s-05.pdf
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