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Libération conditionnelle, réinsertion sociale et récidive criminelle

Author

Listed:
  • Guy Lacroix
  • Steeve Marchand
  • William Arbour

Abstract

In Quebec, offenders sentenced to more than six months are eligible for parole once they have served one-third of their sentence. About half of eligible offenders choose to waive their right to attend a parole hearing. Why? Based on robust and innovative empirical strategies and a rich body of data on thousands of offenders in Quebec, the authors identify the key determinants of the choice to waive the right to attend a parole hearing. Their analyses reveal that renunciation is strongly influenced by the individual characteristics of the inmate, its criminogenic profile and the nature of the crime committed. The study also shows that inmates who give up a hearing would have had more conditions to meet than those who were actually released on conditions. The authors are also interested in the causal effect of parole on criminal recidivism by focusing on the recidivism of individuals “on the margins”, that is, individuals for which the granting of release was primarily determined by the history of the decisions of the members before whom they were to appear. For these individuals, parole reduces both the current and future incarceration time of these individuals, while reducing the likelihood of reoffending within five years of their release. While there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that parole can prevent reoffending, we know very little about the contexts in which it is appropriate and the practices of release that ensure success. This study is the only study conducted in Quebec that provides a thorough understanding of the mechanisms at work and draws strong conclusions. The study is based on exclusive administrative data from the Department of Public Safety over 10 years and multivariate regression and machine learning methods. Au Québec, les contrevenants condamnés à plus de six mois sont admissibles à la libération conditionnelle une fois qu’ils ont purgé un tiers de leur peine d’incarcération. Or, environ la moitié des contrevenants admissibles choisissent de renoncer à leur droit de se présenter à une audience pour libération conditionnelle. Pourquoi ? En s’appuyant sur des stratégies empiriques robustes et novatrices et un riche ensemble de données sur des milliers de contrevenants au Québec, les auteurs identifient les principaux déterminants du choix de renoncer au droit de se présenter à une audience pour libération conditionnelle. Leurs analyses révèlent que la renonciation est fortement influencée par les caractéristiques individuelles du détenu, son profil criminogène et la nature du crime commis. L’étude montre également que les détenus qui renoncent à une audience auraient vraisemblablement eu davantage de conditions à respecter que ceux qui ont été effectivement libérés sous conditions. Les auteurs s’intéressent aussi à l’effet causal de la libération conditionnelle sur la récidive criminelle en focalisant sur la récidive des individus « à la marge », c’est-à-dire les individus pour lesquels l’octroi de la libération était surtout déterminé par l’historique des décisions des commissaires devant lesquels ils devaient se présenter. Pour ces individus, la libération conditionnelle permet de réduire à la fois le temps d'incarcération actuel et futur de ces individus, tout en diminuant la probabilité de récidive dans les cinq années suivant leur libération. Bien qu’il y ait de plus en plus de données probantes suggérant que la libération conditionnelle peut prévenir la récidive, on connait mal les contextes dans lesquels elle est appropriée et les pratiques de libération qui garantissent son succès. Cette étude est la seule étude menée au Québec qui fournit une compréhension approfondie des mécanismes à l’œuvre et permet de tirer des conclusions robustes. L’étude s’appuie sur des données administratives exclusives provenant du ministère de la Sécurité publique sur plus de dix ans et sur les méthodes de régressions multivariées et d'apprentissage automatique.

Suggested Citation

  • Guy Lacroix & Steeve Marchand & William Arbour, 2023. "Libération conditionnelle, réinsertion sociale et récidive criminelle," CIRANO Project Reports 2023rp-26, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirpro:2023rp-26
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    File URL: https://cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/2023RP-26.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kevin T. Schnepel, 2018. "Good Jobs and Recidivism," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 128(608), pages 447-469, February.
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