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L'escompte canadien : un réexamen

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  • Cécile Carpentier
  • Jean-Marc Suret

Abstract

Selon les promoteurs de la commission unique, les entreprises canadiennes se transigeraient à escompte par rapport à des entreprises semblables aux États-Unis, en raison de la structure déficiente de la réglementation des valeurs mobilières au Canada. Nous testons l'argument de l'escompte canadien en utilisant deux méthodes complémentaires. La première consiste à déterminer si la valeur d'entreprises canadiennes diffère de celle d'un échantillon d'entreprises américaines comparables. La seconde consiste à étudier l'évolution de la valeur des entreprises canadiennes qui s'interlistent. S'il existe effectivement un escompte canadien induit par la réglementation, on devrait observer une augmentation significative et permanente de la valeur des entreprises canadiennes qui s'inscrivent aux États-Unis. La valeur de ces entreprises devrait rejoindre alors celles d'entreprises américaines similaires. Nous analysons l'ensemble des entreprises canadiennes qui se sont interlistées aux États-Unis entre 1990 et 2009. Nous comparons la valeur de ces entreprises au moment de l'interlistage, et au cours des 3 années ultérieures, à celle d'entreprises similaires américaines puis canadiennes. Nous comparons également les entreprises canadiennes non interlistées à leurs homologues américaines. Dans les deux cas, nous comparons des entreprises de taille, secteur, croissance et rentabilité similaires et conservons dans l'échantillon les entreprises dont les bénéfices sont négatifs. L'analyse multivariée de l'écart d'évaluation entre les entreprises canadiennes non interlistées et les américaines montre qu'il n'existe pas de différence d'évaluation entre les deux groupes lorsque l'on tient compte de la liquidité des titres. L'escompte canadien ne résiste donc pas à la prise en compte des divers paramètres qui influencent la valeur, dont la croissance, la rentabilité et la liquidité. Les entreprises canadiennes qui s'interlistent bénéficient d'une prime par rapport aux entreprises canadiennes. Une partie de cette différence découle des écarts de liquidité : l'écart d'évaluation diminue lorsqu'on introduit la rotation des titres dans le modèle. Cette différence d'évaluation n'est toutefois pas permanente; elle disparaît trois ans après l'interlistage. Les entreprises canadiennes qui s'interlistent bénéficient d'une prime par rapport aux entreprises américaines. Cette prime, qui s'estompe toutefois rapidement, ne peut découler que des performances supérieures et des fortes anticipations de croissance des entreprises qui s'interlistent. Dans l'ensemble, ces résultats infirment l'hypothèse d'un escompte canadien lié à la structure de la réglementation. Ils mettent toutefois en évidence le fait que la liquidité plus élevée du marché américain semble réduire le coût du capital, en particulier pour les entreprises de taille petite et moyenne qui composent nos échantillons.

Suggested Citation

  • Cécile Carpentier & Jean-Marc Suret, 2011. "L'escompte canadien : un réexamen," CIRANO Project Reports 2011rp-11, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirpro:2011rp-11
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    File URL: https://cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/2011RP-11.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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