IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/cfe/wpcefa/2012_20.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Financial Bootstrapping: a critical entrepreneurship skill

Author

Listed:
  • Soumodip Sarkar

    (CEFAGE_UE,Department of Management, University of Évora, Portugal)

Abstract

Bootstrapping finance involving the use of resources to start and grow a venture at the lowest possible or even at no cost, acquires especial significance in times of a credit crunch. In this paper we explore, for the first time the use of bootstrap finance techniques in a small country European case. Based on a sample of ninety-nine Portuguese firms we first determine the most popular bootstrapping strategies, and then we test a set of hypotheses involving several socio-demographic and economic variables, some for the first time in the literature. The results yield some very interesting insights on small business strategies of non-conventional methods of financing. This paper also reveals how these strategies are related to characteristics of the small business owner, namely gender and education, as well as two business characteristics of the firm, that of firm size and internationalization.

Suggested Citation

  • Soumodip Sarkar, 2012. "Financial Bootstrapping: a critical entrepreneurship skill," CEFAGE-UE Working Papers 2012_20, University of Evora, CEFAGE-UE (Portugal).
  • Handle: RePEc:cfe:wpcefa:2012_20
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://api.cefage.uevora.pt/assets/0188d6e0-35a6-41d9-9265-24313a04e56d
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sabina Alkire, Maria Emma Santos, 2010. "Acute Multidimensional Poverty: A New Index for Developing Countries," OPHI Working Papers 38, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford.
    2. Hendrik Wolff & Howard Chong & Maximilian Auffhammer, 2011. "Classification, Detection and Consequences of Data Error: Evidence from the Human Development Index," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 121(553), pages 843-870, June.
    3. José Antonio Cheibub, 2010. "How to Include Political Capabilities in the HDI? An Evaluation of Alternatives," Human Development Research Papers (2009 to present) HDRP-2010-41, Human Development Report Office (HDRO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
    4. Rodolfo de la Torre & Hector Moreno, 2010. "Advances in sub national measurement of the Human Development Index: The case of Mexico," Human Development Research Papers (2009 to present) HDRP-2010-23, Human Development Report Office (HDRO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
    5. Ravallion, Martin, 1997. "Good and bad growth: The human development reports," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 25(5), pages 631-638, May.
    6. Farhad Noorbakhsh, 2005. "Spatial Inequality, Polarization and its Dimensions in Iran: New Empirical Evidence," Oxford Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(3-4), pages 473-491.
    7. Ricardo Fuentes-Nieva & Isabel Pereira, 2010. "The disconnect between indicators of sustainability and human development," Human Development Research Papers (2009 to present) HDRP-2010-34, Human Development Report Office (HDRO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
    8. Neumayer, Eric, 2001. "The human development index and sustainability -- a constructive proposal," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 101-114, October.
    9. Carol Graham, 2010. "The Challenges of Incorporating Empowerment into the HDI: Some Lessons from Happiness Economics and Quality of Life Research," Human Development Research Papers (2009 to present) HDRP-2010-13, Human Development Report Office (HDRO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
    10. Sarah Burd-Sharps & Kristen Lewis & Patrick Guyer & Ted Lechterman, 2010. "Twenty Years of Human Development in Six Affluent Countries: Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States," Human Development Research Papers (2009 to present) HDRP-2010-27, Human Development Report Office (HDRO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
    11. Mark McGillivray & Howard White, 1993. "Measuring development? The UNDP's human development index," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 5(2), pages 183-192, March.
    12. Eric Neumayer, 2012. "Human Development and Sustainability," Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(4), pages 561-579, November.
    13. Amie Gaye & Shreyasi Jha, 2010. "A Review of Conceptual and Measurement Innovations in National and Regional Human Development Reports, 1998-2009," Human Development Research Papers (2009 to present) HDRP-2010-21, Human Development Report Office (HDRO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
    14. Milorad Kovacevic & Clara García Aguña, 2010. "Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis of the Human Development Index," Human Development Research Papers (2009 to present) HDRP-2010-47, Human Development Report Office (HDRO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
    15. Milorad Kovacevic, 2010. "Review of HDI Critiques and Potential Improvements," Human Development Research Papers (2009 to present) HDRP-2010-33, Human Development Report Office (HDRO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
    16. Farhad Noorbakhsh, 1998. "The human development index: some technical issues and alternative indices," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 10(5), pages 589-605.
    17. Javier Martinez Peinado & Gemma Cairo Cespedes, 2004. "Gender And Regional Inequality In Human Development: The Case Of Spain," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(1), pages 37-64.
    18. F. Noorbakhsh, 2002. "Human development and regional disparities in Iran: a policy model," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 14(7), pages 927-949.
    19. Milorad Kovacevic, 2010. "Measurement of Inequality In Human Development - A Review," Human Development Research Papers (2009 to present) HDRP-2010-35, Human Development Report Office (HDRO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
    20. Sagar, Ambuj D. & Najam, Adil, 1998. "The human development index: a critical review," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 249-264, June.
    21. Farhad Noorbakhsh, "undated". "Human Development and Regional Disparities in India," Working Papers 2003_12, Business School - Economics, University of Glasgow.
    22. Carmen Herrero & Ricardo Martínez & Antonio Villar, 2010. "Improving the Measurement of Human Development," Human Development Research Papers (2009 to present) HDRP-2010-12, Human Development Report Office (HDRO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Maurice Nchabeleng & Olawale Fatoki & Olabanji Oni, 2018. "Owners' Characteristics and the Financial Bootstrapping Strategies Used by Rural Small Businesses in South Africa," Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, AMH International, vol. 10(4), pages 277-286.
    2. Miao, Chao & Rutherford, Matthew W. & Pollack, Jeffrey M., 2017. "An exploratory meta-analysis of the nomological network of bootstrapping in SMEs," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 8(C), pages 1-8.
    3. Ik MUO & Moruff Sanjo OLADIMEJI & O. I. OKUNBADEJO, 2020. "Financial Bootstrapping and Small Business Growth in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria," Business & Management Compass, University of Economics Varna, issue 2, pages 198-213.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rui Manuel de Sousa Fragoso & Carlos Alberto Falcão Marques, 2012. "Integrated Water Management Using Feasible Goals Method and Interactive Decision Maps: The Case of Odivelas Irrigation," CEFAGE-UE Working Papers 2012_07, University of Evora, CEFAGE-UE (Portugal).
    2. António Bento Ratão Caleiro & Gertrudes das Dores Lopes Saúde Guerreiro & Elsa Cristina Neves Januário Vaz, 2012. "Comparative Analysis of Regional Input-Output Matrices: the Portuguese case," CEFAGE-UE Working Papers 2012_08, University of Evora, CEFAGE-UE (Portugal).
    3. Gertrudes Saúde Guerreiro, 2014. "Regional Income Convergence in Portugal (1991–2002)," Research on Economic Inequality, in: Economic Well-Being and Inequality: Papers from the Fifth ECINEQ Meeting, volume 22, pages 351-381, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
    4. Elisabete Gomes Santana Félix, 2012. "Challenges of the Information Economy: Asymmetry of Information in the Information Society," CEFAGE-UE Working Papers 2012_15, University of Evora, CEFAGE-UE (Portugal).
    5. Andreia Teixeira Marques Dionísio & Paulo Jorge Silveira Ferreira, 2012. "An application of General Maximum Entropy to Utility," CEFAGE-UE Working Papers 2012_18, University of Evora, CEFAGE-UE (Portugal).
    6. Alfredo M. Pereira & Jorge M. Andraz, 2013. "On The Economic Effects Of Public Infrastructure Investment: A Survey Of The International Evidence," Journal of Economic Development, Chung-Ang Unviersity, Department of Economics, vol. 38(4), pages 1-37, December.
    7. Maria Leonor Pimenta Marques Verdete da Silva Carvalho & Pedro Damião de Sousa Henriques, 2012. "The impact of shifting cultivation in the forestry ecosystems of Timor-Leste," CEFAGE-UE Working Papers 2012_16, University of Evora, CEFAGE-UE (Portugal).
    8. Rui Manuel de Sousa Fragoso & Carlos Alberto Falcão Marques, 2012. "Environmental Evaluation and Benchmarking of Traditional Mediterranean Crop Farming System of Dryland Agriculture in the Alentejo Region of Portugal," CEFAGE-UE Working Papers 2012_14, University of Evora, CEFAGE-UE (Portugal).
    9. Rui Manuel de Sousa Fragoso, 2012. "Sustainable Development and Guidance for Entrepreneurship in Unfavoured Regions: The Case of the Alentejo Region," CEFAGE-UE Working Papers 2012_21, University of Evora, CEFAGE-UE (Portugal).
    10. repec:cfe:wpcefa:2012_12 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Alexandra Maria do Nascimento Ferreira Lopes, 2012. "A Regional Human Development Index for Portugal," CEFAGE-UE Working Papers 2012_05, University of Evora, CEFAGE-UE (Portugal).
    12. Jorge Miguel Lopo Gonçalves Andraz & Nélia Maria Afonso Norte, 2012. "The “Great Moderation” in Portugal: GDP Volatility, Regime Changes and Business Cycles," CEFAGE-UE Working Papers 2012_09, University of Evora, CEFAGE-UE (Portugal).
    13. Jorge Luís Pedreira Murteira Marques Casas Novas & António João Coelho Sousa, 2012. "On the Relations Between Management Accounting Systems and Intellectual Capital. Evidence for Portuguese Companies," CEFAGE-UE Working Papers 2012_13, University of Evora, CEFAGE-UE (Portugal).
    14. Victor Augusto Mendes dos Santos, 2012. "The investor in warrants," CEFAGE-UE Working Papers 2012_19, University of Evora, CEFAGE-UE (Portugal).
    15. Rita Silva & Alexandra Ferreira-Lopes, 2014. "A Regional Development Index for Portugal," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 118(3), pages 1055-1085, September.
    16. David Mayer-Foulkes, 2011. "A Causal Panorama of Cross-Country Human Development," DEGIT Conference Papers c016_049, DEGIT, Dynamics, Economic Growth, and International Trade.
    17. Jeni Klugman & Francisco Rodríguez & Hyung-Jin Choi, 2011. "The HDI 2010: new controversies, old critiques," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 9(2), pages 249-288, June.
    18. David Mayer-Foulkes, 2013. "A Cross-country Causal Panorama of Human Development and Sustainability," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 17(2), pages 235-251, May.
    19. Giménez, Víctor & Ayvar-Campos, Francisco Javier & Navarro-Chávez, José César Lenin, 2017. "Efficiency in the generation of social welfare in Mexico: A proposal in the presence of bad outputs," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 43-52.
    20. Mark McGillivray & Farhad Noorbakhsh, 2004. "Composite Indices of Human Well-being: Past, Present, and Future," WIDER Working Paper Series RP2004-63, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    21. Vanesa Jordá & José Sarabia, 2015. "International Convergence in Well-Being Indicators," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 120(1), pages 1-27, January.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Entrepreneurship; Financial bootstrapping; Small firm financing.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L26 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Entrepreneurship
    • M13 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - New Firms; Startups
    • G31 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:cfe:wpcefa:2012_20. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Angela Pacheco (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/cfevopt.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.