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Age, Sex, and Racial/Ethnic Disparities and Temporal-Spatial Variation in Excess All-Cause Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Linked Administrative and Census Bureau Data

Author

Listed:
  • Thomas B. Foster
  • Leticia Fernandez
  • Sonya R. Porter
  • Nikolas Pharris-Ciurej

Abstract

Research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States has highlighted substantial racial/ethnic disparities in excess mortality, but reports often differ in the details with respect to the size of these disparities. We suggest that these inconsistencies stem from differences in the temporal scope and measurement of race/ethnicity in existing data. We address these issues using death records for 2010 through 2021 from the Social Security Administration, covering the universe of individuals ever issued a Social Security Number, linked to race/ethnicity responses from the decennial census and American Community Survey. We use these data to (1) estimate excess all-cause mortality at the national level and for age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-specific subgroups, (2) examine racial/ethnic variation in excess mortality over the course of the pandemic, and (3) explore whether and how racial/ethnic mortality disparities vary across states.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas B. Foster & Leticia Fernandez & Sonya R. Porter & Nikolas Pharris-Ciurej, 2022. "Age, Sex, and Racial/Ethnic Disparities and Temporal-Spatial Variation in Excess All-Cause Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Linked Administrative and Census Bureau Data," Working Papers 22-18, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    • Handle: RePEc:cen:wpaper:22-18
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    File URL: https://www2.census.gov/ces/wp/2022/CES-WP-22-18.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Theresa Andrasfay & Noreen Goldman, 2021. "Reductions in 2020 US life expectancy due to COVID-19 and the disproportionate impact on the Black and Latino populations," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 118(5), pages 2014746118-, February.
    2. Eva Clark & Karla Fredricks & Laila Woc-Colburn & Maria Elena Bottazzi & Jill Weatherhead, 2020. "Disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immigrant communities in the United States," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(7), pages 1-9, July.
    3. Andrew C Stokes & Dielle J Lundberg & Irma T Elo & Katherine Hempstead & Jacob Bor & Samuel H Preston, 2021. "COVID-19 and excess mortality in the United States: A county-level analysis," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(5), pages 1-18, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Amy Finkelstein & Geoffrey Kocks & Maria Polyakova & Victoria Udalova, 2022. "Heterogeneity in Damages from A Pandemic," NBER Working Papers 30658, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

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    Keywords

    COVID-19; Excess Mortality; Mortality Disparities; Race/Ethnicity;
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