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Unlimited Access

Author

Listed:
  • Brown, Jeffery
  • Hess, Daniel Baldwin
  • Shoup, Donald

Abstract

Universities and public transit agencies have together invented an arrangement – called Unlimited Access – that provides fare-free transit service for over 825,000 people. The university typically pays the transit agency an annual lump sum based o expected student ridership, and students simply show their university identification to board the bus. This paper reports the results of a survey of Unlimited Access programs at 35 universities. University officials report that Unlimited Access reduces parking demand, increases students’ access to the campus, help to recruit and retain students, and reduces the cost of attending college. Transit agencies report that Unlimited Access increases ridership, fills empty seats, improves transit service, and reduces the operating cost per rider. Increases in student transit ridership ranged from 71 percent to 200 percent during he first year of Unlimited Access, and growth in subsequent years ranged from 2 percent to 10 percent per year. The universities’ average cost for Unlimited Access is $30 per student per year.

Suggested Citation

  • Brown, Jeffery & Hess, Daniel Baldwin & Shoup, Donald, 2001. "Unlimited Access," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt96t810rj, University of California Transportation Center.
    • Handle: RePEc:cdl:uctcwp:qt96t810rj
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Aoun, Alisar & Abou-Zeid, Maya & Kaysi, Isam & Myntti, Cynthia, 2013. "Reducing parking demand and traffic congestion at the American University of Beirut," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 52-60.
    2. Delmelle, Eric M. & Delmelle, Elizabeth Cahill, 2012. "Exploring spatio-temporal commuting patterns in a university environment," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 1-9.
    3. Limanond, Thirayoot & Jomnonkwao, Sajjakaj & Watthanaklang, Duangdao & Ratanavaraha, Vatanavongs & Siridhara, Siradol, 2011. "How vehicle ownership affect time utilization on study, leisure, social activities, and academic performance of university students? A case study of engineering freshmen in a rural university in Thail," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 18(5), pages 719-726, September.
    4. Voss, Achim, 2015. "Collective public-transport tickets and anticipated majority choice: A model of student tickets," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 263-276.
    5. Balsas, Carlos J. L., 2003. "Sustainable transportation planning on college campuses," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 10(1), pages 35-49, January.
    6. Miralles-Guasch, Carme & Domene, Elena, 2010. "Sustainable transport challenges in a suburban university: The case of the Autonomous University of Barcelona," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 17(6), pages 454-463, November.
    7. Amitrajeet Batabyal & Peter Nijkamp, 2010. "A probabilistic analysis of two university parking issues," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 44(1), pages 111-120, February.
    8. Shannon, Tya & Giles-Corti, Billie & Pikora, Terri & Bulsara, Max & Shilton, Trevor & Bull, Fiona, 2006. "Active commuting in a university setting: Assessing commuting habits and potential for modal change," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 13(3), pages 240-253, May.
    9. Taylor, Brian D & Miller, Douglas & Iseki, Hiroyuki & Fink, Camille, 2008. "Nature and/or nurture? Analyzing the determinants of transit ridership across US urbanized areas," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt5w9045hh, University of California Transportation Center.
    10. De Witte, Astrid & Macharis, Cathy & Lannoy, Pierre & Polain, Céline & Steenberghen, Thérèse & Van de Walle, Stefaan, 2006. "The impact of "free" public transport: The case of Brussels," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 40(8), pages 671-689, October.
    11. Bilbao Ubillos, J. & Fernández Sainz, A., 2004. "The influence of quality and price on the demand for urban transport: the case of university students," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 38(8), pages 607-614, October.
    12. Thomas Kolawole OJO & Regina AMOAKO-SAKYI & William AGYEMAN, 2015. "Students’ Satisfaction Of Campus Shuttling Bus Services: A Qualbus Approach," Management Research and Practice, Research Centre in Public Administration and Public Services, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 7(1), pages 68-79, March.

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