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The Causal Influence of Neighborhood Design on Physical Activity Within the Neighborhood: Evidence from Northern California

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  • Handy, Susan L
  • Mokhtarian, Patricia L.
  • Cao, Xinyu

Abstract

Purpose. Test for a causal relalionship between neighborhood design and physical activity within the neighborhood by controlling for self-selection. Design. Cross-sectional and quasi-longitudinal analyses of residents of selected neighborhoods. Setting. Eight Northern California neighborhoods. Subjects. Random sample of 1682 adults stratified by movers (moved within 1 year) and nonmovers (moved > 1 year ago) responding to self-administered mail surveys (24. 7 % response rate). Measures. Self-reported number of days in last 7 days of moderate to vigorous physical activity someiuhere in the neighborhood and self-reported change in physical activity in the neighborhood from prior to moving (for movers) or from 1 year ago (for nonmovers). Analysis. Zero-inflated Poisson regression for cross-sectional analysis (n = 1497); ordered probit model for quasi-longitudinal analysis (n = 1352). Results. After we controlled for physical activity attitudes and neighborhood preferences, selected neighborhood design characteristics were associated with physical activity within the neighborhood and changes in selected neighborhood design characteristics were associated with changes in physical activity within the neighborhood. Condusions. Both cross-sectional and quasi-longitudinal analyses provided evidence of a causal impact of neighborhood design. Improving physical activity options, aesthetic qualities, and social environment may increase physical activity. Critical limitations included self report measures of physical activity, lack of measures of duration and intensity of neighborhood physical activity, lack of measures of total physical activity, and limited measures of preferences related to physical activity. (AmJ Health Promot 2008;22l5]:350-358.)

Suggested Citation

  • Handy, Susan L & Mokhtarian, Patricia L. & Cao, Xinyu, 2008. "The Causal Influence of Neighborhood Design on Physical Activity Within the Neighborhood: Evidence from Northern California," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt3vp1d82d, University of California Transportation Center.
    • Handle: RePEc:cdl:uctcwp:qt3vp1d82d
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    Cited by:

    1. Yuan Gao & Kun Liu & Peiling Zhou & Hongkun Xie, 2021. "The Effects of Residential Built Environment on Supporting Physical Activity Diversity in High-Density Cities: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-16, June.
    2. Paul J. Villeneuve & Renate L. Ysseldyk & Ariel Root & Sarah Ambrose & Jason DiMuzio & Neerija Kumar & Monica Shehata & Min Xi & Evan Seed & Xiaojiang Li & Mahdi Shooshtari & Daniel Rainham, 2018. "Comparing the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index with the Google Street View Measure of Vegetation to Assess Associations between Greenness, Walkability, Recreational Physical Activity, and Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-16, August.
    3. Gormley, Laura & Belton, Cameron & Lunn, Pete & Robertson, Deirdre, 2019. "Interventions to increase physical activity in disadvantaged communities: A review of behavioural mechanisms," Papers WP646, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
    4. Gavin R. McCormack & Lindsay McLaren & Grazia Salvo & Anita Blackstaffe, 2017. "Changes in Objectively-Determined Walkability and Physical Activity in Adults: A Quasi-Longitudinal Residential Relocation Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-13, May.
    5. Young-Jae Kim & Ayoung Woo, 2016. "What’s the Score? Walkable Environments and Subsidized Households," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-20, April.
    6. Li, Hui, 2012. "Evaluation of Cool Pavement Strategies for Heat Island Mitigation," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt6mr4k9t1, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    7. Congying Fang & Riken Homma & Tianfu Qiu, 2024. "A Bibliometrics Analysis Related to the Built Environment and Walking," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-17, March.
    8. Coogan, Matthew A. & Adler, Thomas & Karash, Karla, 2012. "The paths from walk preference to walk behavior: Applying latent factors in structural equation modeling," The Journal of Transport and Land Use, Center for Transportation Studies, University of Minnesota, vol. 5(3), pages 68-82.
    9. Peter James & Jaime E. Hart & Mariana C. Arcaya & Diane Feskanich & Francine Laden & S.V. Subramanian, 2015. "Neighborhood Self-Selection: The Role of Pre-Move Health Factors on the Built and Socioeconomic Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-16, October.
    10. Ivan Parise & Penelope Abbott & Steven Trankle, 2021. "Drivers to Obesity—A Study of the Association between Time Spent Commuting Daily and Obesity in the Nepean Blue Mountains Area," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-14, December.
    11. Sallis, James F. & Saelens, Brian E. & Frank, Lawrence D. & Conway, Terry L. & Slymen, Donald J. & Cain, Kelli L. & Chapman, James E. & Kerr, Jacqueline, 2009. "Neighborhood built environment and income: Examining multiple health outcomes," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(7), pages 1285-1293, April.
    12. Mohamad KASHEF, 2021. "Energizing Street Life Of Urban Neighborhoods: Qualitative Narratives Versus Quantitative Metrics," Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, Research Centre in Public Administration and Public Services, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 16(4), pages 77-99, November.

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