IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/cdl/uctcwp/qt37p740qt.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Estimating the Travel and Parking Demand Effects of Employer-Paid Parking

Author

Listed:
  • Willson, Richard W.

Abstract

A multinomial logit model of downtown Los Angeles commuters is used to assess the effect of employer-paid parking on mode choice and parking demand. Employer-paid parking significantly increases the probability that an employee will drive to work alone. The best performing models predict that between 25 and 34 percent fewer automobiles are driven to work when workers have to pay to park, as compared to when they park free. This analysis provides support for the notion that public policies concerning traffic congestion, air pollution and energy use must address employer-paid parking.

Suggested Citation

  • Willson, Richard W., 1992. "Estimating the Travel and Parking Demand Effects of Employer-Paid Parking," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt37p740qt, University of California Transportation Center.
    • Handle: RePEc:cdl:uctcwp:qt37p740qt
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/37p740qt.pdf;origin=repeccitec
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gillen, David W., 1977. "Estimation and specification of the effects of parking costs on urban transport mode choice," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 4(2), pages 186-199, April.
    2. Kenneth Train, 1980. "A Structured Logit Model of Auto Ownership and Mode Choice," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 47(2), pages 357-370.
    3. Willson, Richard W. & Shoup, Donald C., 1990. "Parking Subsidies and Travel Choices: Assessing the Evidence," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt3256f490, University of California Transportation Center.
    4. Wilson, Richard W. & Shoup, Donald C., 1990. "Parking Subsidies and Travel Choices: Assessing the Evidence," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt5w24532x, University of California Transportation Center.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Fetene, Gebeyehu M. & Hirte, Georg & Kaplan, Sigal & Prato, Carlo G. & Tscharaktschiew, Stefan, 2016. "The economics of workplace charging," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 93-118.
    2. Merriman, David, 1997. "Subsidized Parking and Neighborhood Nuisances," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(2), pages 198-201, March.
    3. Shaheen, Susan, 2005. "Smart Parking Management Field Test: A Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) District Parking Demonstration," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt6d58554x, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    4. Jun Guan Neoh & Maxwell Chipulu & Alasdair Marshall, 2017. "What encourages people to carpool? An evaluation of factors with meta-analysis," Transportation, Springer, vol. 44(2), pages 423-447, March.
    5. Evangelinos, Christos & Tscharaktschiew, Stefan & Marcucci, Edoardo & Gatta, Valerio, 2018. "Pricing workplace parking via cash-out: Effects on modal choice and implications for transport policy," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 369-380.
    6. Angela De Carlo & Angela Stefania Bergantino & Andrea Morone, 2013. "Experiments in transport related choices: the influence of risk and uncertainty in determining workers' behaviour with respect to parking alternatives," ERSA conference papers ersa13p407, European Regional Science Association.
    7. Lehner, Stephan & Peer, Stefanie, 2019. "The price elasticity of parking: A meta-analysis," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 177-191.
    8. Voith, Richard, 1998. "Parking, Transit, and Employment in a Central Business District," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 43-58, July.
    9. van Ommeren, Jos & Russo, Giovanni, 2014. "Time-varying parking prices," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 3(2), pages 166-174.
    10. Christopher F. Dumas & John C. Whitehead & James H. Herstine & Robert B. Buerger & Jeffery M. Hill, 2006. "Estimating Peak Demand for Beach Parking Spaces," Working Papers 06-05, Department of Economics, Appalachian State University.
    11. Lambe, Thomas A., 1996. "Driver choice of parking in the city," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 30(3), pages 207-219, September.
    12. Watters, Paul & O'Mahony, Margaret & Caulfield, Brian, 2006. "Response to cash outs for work place parking and work place parking charges," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 13(6), pages 503-510, November.
    13. Ahmadi Azari, Kian & Arintono, Sulistyo & Hamid, Hussain & Rahmat, Riza Atiq O.K., 2013. "Modelling demand under parking and cordon pricing policy," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 1-9.
    14. Tsai, Jyh-Fa & Chu, Chih-Peng, 2006. "Economic analysis of collecting parking fees by a private firm," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 40(8), pages 690-697, October.
    15. Khordagui, Nagwa, 2019. "Parking prices and the decision to drive to work: Evidence from California," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 479-495.
    16. Shaheen, Susan & Rodier, Caroline J. & Eaken, Amanda M., 2005. "Smart Parking Management Pilot Project: A Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) District Parking Demonstration," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt4vk680h8, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    17. Edward Calthrop & Stef Proost & Kurt van Dender, 2000. "Parking Policies and Road Pricing," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 37(1), pages 63-76, January.
    18. Inci, Eren, 2015. "A review of the economics of parking," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 4(1), pages 50-63.
    19. Shaheen, Susan & Rodier, Caroline & Eaken, Amanda M., 2005. "Smart Parking Management Pilot Project: A Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) District Parking Demonstration," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt3p83z8g4, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    20. de Groote, Jesper & van Ommeren, Jos & Koster, Hans R.A., 2019. "The effect of paid parking and bicycle subsidies on employees’ parking demand," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 46-58.
    21. Yan, Xiang & Levine, Jonathan & Marans, Robert, 2019. "The effectiveness of parking policies to reduce parking demand pressure and car use," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 41-50.
    22. Rotaris, Lucia & Danielis, Romeo, 2014. "The impact of transportation demand management policies on commuting to college facilities: A case study at the University of Trieste, Italy," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 127-140.
    23. David Merriman & Toru Ohkawara & Tsutomu Suzuki, 1995. "Excess Commuting in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area: Measurement and Policy Simulations," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 32(1), pages 69-85, February.
    24. Evangelinos, Christos & Staub, Nelly & Marcucci, Edoardo & Gatta, Valerio, 2021. "The impact of airport parking fees on the tourist's airport/airline choice behavior," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    25. Barrios González, C & Martínez Navarro, Mª A. & Sánchez De Molina Martín, J & Toribio Muñoz, Mª R., 2003. "La tarificación viaria y sus efectos sobre el bienestar social," Estudios de Economia Aplicada, Estudios de Economia Aplicada, vol. 21, pages 283-296, Agosto.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Khordagui, Nagwa, 2019. "Parking prices and the decision to drive to work: Evidence from California," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 479-495.
    2. Romain Petiot, 2004. "Parking enforcement and travel demand management," Post-Print hal-02422664, HAL.
    3. Lehner, Stephan & Peer, Stefanie, 2019. "The price elasticity of parking: A meta-analysis," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 177-191.
    4. Evangelinos, Christos & Tscharaktschiew, Stefan & Marcucci, Edoardo & Gatta, Valerio, 2018. "Pricing workplace parking via cash-out: Effects on modal choice and implications for transport policy," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 369-380.
    5. Hamer, Paul & Young, William & Currie, Graham, 2012. "Do long stay parkers pay the Melbourne congestion levy?," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 71-84.
    6. Franco, Sofia F., 2017. "Downtown parking supply, work-trip mode choice and urban spatial structure," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 107-122.
    7. Inci, Eren, 2015. "A review of the economics of parking," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 4(1), pages 50-63.
    8. Yan, Xiang & Levine, Jonathan & Marans, Robert, 2019. "The effectiveness of parking policies to reduce parking demand pressure and car use," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 41-50.
    9. de Groote, Jesper & van Ommeren, Jos & Koster, Hans R.A., 2019. "The effect of paid parking and bicycle subsidies on employees’ parking demand," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 46-58.
    10. Bruno De Borger & Bart Wuyts, 2009. "Commuting, Transport Tax Reform and the Labour Market: Employer-paid Parking and the Relative Efficiency of Revenue Recycling Instruments," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 46(1), pages 213-233, January.
    11. Shaheen, Susan & Rodier, Caroline J. & Eaken, Amanda M., 2004. "Applying Integrated ITS Technologies to Parking Management Systems: A Transit-Based Case Study in the San Francisco Bay Area," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt4806754k, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    12. Tscharaktschiew, Stefan & Reimann, Felix, 2021. "On employer-paid parking and parking (cash-out) policy: A formal synthesis of different perspectives," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 499-516.
    13. Deka, Devajyoti, 2012. "The impacts of non-resident parking restrictions at commuter rail stations," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 451-461.
    14. Rotaris, Lucia & Danielis, Romeo, 2014. "The impact of transportation demand management policies on commuting to college facilities: A case study at the University of Trieste, Italy," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 127-140.
    15. Rodier, Caroline J. PhD & Shaheen, Susan A. PhD & Kemmerer, Charlene, 2008. "Smart Parking Management Field Test: A Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) District Parking Demonstration; Final Report," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt3w33t61b, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    16. van Ommeren, Jos & Russo, Giovanni, 2014. "Time-varying parking prices," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 3(2), pages 166-174.
    17. Shoup, Donald C. & Willson, Richard W., 1992. "Commuting, Congestion and Pollution: The Employer-Paid Parking Connection," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt2f0485tp, University of California Transportation Center.
    18. Guo, Zhan, 2013. "Does residential parking supply affect household car ownership? The case of New York City," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 18-28.
    19. Brownstone, David & Golob, Thomas F., 1992. "The effectiveness of ridesharing incentives: Discrete-choice models of commuting in Southern California," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 5-24, March.
    20. Giuliano, Genevieve & Wachs, Martin, 1992. "Responding to Congestion and Traffic Growth: Transportatoin Demand Management," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt2tb1g8nm, University of California Transportation Center.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Social and Behavioral Sciences;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:cdl:uctcwp:qt37p740qt. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Lisa Schiff (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/itucbus.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.