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Monetary General Equilibrium with Transaction Costs

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  • Starr, Ross M.

Abstract

Commodity money arises endogenously in a general equilibrium model with convex transaction cost technology and with separate budget constraints for each transaction. Transaction costs imply differing bid and ask (selling and buying) prices. The most liquid good --- with the smallest proportionate bid/ask spread --- becomes commodity money. General equilibrium may not be Pareto efficient, but if zero-transaction-cost money is available then the equilibrium allocation is Pareto efficient. Fiat money is an intrinsically worthless instrument. Its positive price comes from acceptability in paying taxes, and its use as a medium of exchange is based on low transaction cost.

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  • Starr, Ross M., 2002. "Monetary General Equilibrium with Transaction Costs," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series qt5w31m72w, Department of Economics, UC San Diego.
    • Handle: RePEc:cdl:ucsdec:qt5w31m72w
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pradeep Dubey & John Geanakoplos, 2000. "Inside and Outside Money, Gains to Trade, and IS-LM," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 1257, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
    2. Kiyotaki, Nobuhiro & Wright, Randall, 1989. "On Money as a Medium of Exchange," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 97(4), pages 927-954, August.
    3. Starr, Ross M., 2001. "Why Is There Money? Endogenous Derivation of "Money" as the Most Liquid Asset: A Class of Examples," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series qt2rt3k4r7, Department of Economics, UC San Diego.
    4. Pradeep Dubey & John Geanakoplos, 2003. "Inside and outside fiat money, gains to trade, and IS-LM," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 21(2), pages 347-397, March.
    5. Starr, Ross M, 1974. "The Price of Money in a Pure Exchange Monetary Economy with Taxation," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 42(1), pages 45-54, January.
    6. Hahn, F H, 1971. "Equilibrium with Transaction Costs," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 39(3), pages 417-439, May.
    7. Lucas, Robert E, Jr & Stokey, Nancy L, 1987. "Money and Interest in a Cash-in-Advance Economy," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 55(3), pages 491-513, May.
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    9. Li, Yiting & Wright, Randall, 1998. "Government Transaction Policy, Media of Exchange, and Prices," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 81(2), pages 290-313, August.
    10. Ostroy, Joseph M. & Starr, Ross M., 1990. "The transactions role of money," Handbook of Monetary Economics, in: B. M. Friedman & F. H. Hahn (ed.), Handbook of Monetary Economics, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 1, pages 3-62, Elsevier.
    11. David Starrett, 1973. "Inefficiency and the Demand for "Money" in a Sequence Economy," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 40(4), pages 437-448.
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    Cited by:

    1. Rajeev, Meenakshi, 2012. "Search cost, trading strategies and optimal market structure," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 29(5), pages 1757-1765.

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