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Combined Effect of Changes in Transit Service and Changes in Occupancy on Per-Passenger Energy Consumption

Author

Listed:
  • Fan, Huiying
  • Lu, Hongyu
  • Guin, Angshuman
  • Watkins, Kari E
  • Guensler, Randall

Abstract

Many transit providers changed their schedules and route configurations during the COVID-19 pandemic, providing more frequent bus service on major routes and curtailing other routes, to reduce the risk of COVID-19 exposure. This research first assessed the changes in MARTA service configurations by reviewing the pre-pandemic vs. during-pandemic General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) files. Energy use per route for a typical week was calculated for pre-pandemic, during-closure, and post-closure periods by integrating GTFS data with MOVES-Matrix transit energy and emission rates. MARTA automated passenger count (APC) data were appended to the routes, and the energy use per passenger mile was compared across routes for the three periods. The results showed that the coupled effect of shift in transit frequency and decrease in ridership from 2019 to 2020 increased route-level energy use for more than 87% of the routes and per-passenger mile energy use for more than 98% of the routes. In 2021, although MARTA service had largely returned to pre-pandemic conditions, ridership remained in an early stage of recovery. Total energy use decreased to about the pre-pandemic level, but per-passenger energy use remained higher than pre-pandemic for more than 91% of the routes. The results confirm that while total energy use is more closely associated with trip schedules and routes, per-passenger energy use depends on both trip service and ridership. The results also indicated a need for data-based transit planning, to help avoid inefficiency associated with over-provision of service or inadequate social distancing protection caused by under-provision of service. View the NCST Project Webpage

Suggested Citation

  • Fan, Huiying & Lu, Hongyu & Guin, Angshuman & Watkins, Kari E & Guensler, Randall, 2022. "Combined Effect of Changes in Transit Service and Changes in Occupancy on Per-Passenger Energy Consumption," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt2x1320p5, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    • Handle: RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt2x1320p5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michael Siebert & David Ellenberger, 2020. "Validation of automatic passenger counting: introducing the t-test-induced equivalence test," Transportation, Springer, vol. 47(6), pages 3031-3045, December.
    2. Luyu Liu & Harvey J Miller & Jonathan Scheff, 2020. "The impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on public transit demand in the United States," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(11), pages 1-22, November.
    3. Wang, Haoyun & Noland, Robert B., 2021. "Bikeshare and subway ridership changes during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 262-270.
    4. Parker, Madeleine E.G. & Li, Meiqing & Bouzaghrane, Mohamed Amine & Obeid, Hassan & Hayes, Drake & Frick, Karen Trapenberg & Rodríguez, Daniel A. & Sengupta, Raja & Walker, Joan & Chatman, Daniel G., 2021. "Public transit use in the United States in the era of COVID-19: Transit riders’ travel behavior in the COVID-19 impact and recovery period," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 53-62.
    5. Sui, Yi & Zhang, Haoran & Shang, Wenlong & Sun, Rencheng & Wang, Changying & Ji, Jun & Song, Xuan & Shao, Fengjing, 2020. "Mining urban sustainable performance: Spatio-temporal emission potential changes of urban transit buses in post-COVID-19 future," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Lu, Hongyu & Rodgers, Michael O & Guensler, Randall, 2023. "MOVES-Matrix 3.0 for High-Performance On-Road Energy and Emission Rate Modeling Applications," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt7qd6w47w, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    2. Fan, Huiying & Lu, Hongyu & Guin, Angshuman & Guensler, Randall, 2024. "Using Multi-Modal Path-Specific Transit Trips in Transportation Social Sustainability Analysis: Case Study in Atlanta, GA," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt3171b0j4, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    3. Lu, Hongyu & Rodgers, Michael O. & Guensler, Randall, 2024. "MOVES-Matrix 3.0: On-Road Energy and Emission Modeling with High-Performance Supercomputing," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt4cs5q28b, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.

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    Keywords

    Engineering; Before and after studies; COVID-19; Energy consumption; Pollutants; Ridership; Routes;
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