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Deepening or Diminishing Ethnic Divides? The Impact of Urban Migration in Kenya

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  • Kramon, Eric
  • Hamory, Joan
  • Baird, Sarah
  • Miguel, Edward

Abstract

The impact of urban migration on ethnic politics is the subject of long-standing debate. “First-generation” modernization theories predict that urban migration should reduce ethnic identification and increase trust between groups. “Second-generation” modernization perspectives argue the opposite: Urban migration may amplify ethnic identification and reduce trust. We test these competing expectations with a three-wave panel survey following more than 8,000 Kenyans over a 15-year period, providing novel evidence on the impact of urban migration. Using individual fixed effects regressions, we show that urban migration leads to reductions in ethnic identification; ethnicity's importance to the individual diminishes after migrating. Yet urban migration also reduces trust between ethnic groups, and trust in people generally. Urban migrants become less attached to their ethnicity but more suspicious. The results advance the literature on urbanization and politics and have implications for the potential consequences of ongoing urbanization processes around the world.

Suggested Citation

  • Kramon, Eric & Hamory, Joan & Baird, Sarah & Miguel, Edward, 2022. "Deepening or Diminishing Ethnic Divides? The Impact of Urban Migration in Kenya," Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt7ws369zg, Department of Economics, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.
    • Handle: RePEc:cdl:econwp:qt7ws369zg
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Richard Bluhm & Roland Hodler & Paul Schaudt, 2021. "Ethnofederalism and Ethnic Voting," CESifo Working Paper Series 9314, CESifo.
    2. Weiss, Tim & Lounsbury, Mike & Bruton, Garry, 2024. "Survivalist Organizing in Urban Poverty Contexts," OSF Preprints 3mecq, Center for Open Science.
    3. Dorward, Nick & Fox, Sean & Hoelscher, Kristian, 2024. "Cities, Urbanization and Political Change," OSF Preprints y6qpj, Center for Open Science.

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