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Private vs. Public Lending: Evidence from Covenants

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  • Kahan, Marcel
  • Tuckman, Bruce

Abstract

This paper compares the terms of 63 privately-placed debt agreements with those found in public bond indentures. The main results of the analysis are as follows: 1) Private agreements more aggressively control the actions of equity holders by setting various covenants more tightly, by contrasting on quantities that are volatile and not under the direct control of managers, and by using relatively vague terminology. This finding does not rely on credit quality differences between the public and private debt markets. Furthermore, covenant differences between investment grade and junk issues are less pronounced in the private market than in the public market. 2) Private agreements provide lenders with the means to monitor borrowers more carefully. 3) Private agreements attempt to control intra-claim conflicts, i.e. those arising between holders of the same bond issue. 4) Private agreements payment terms are tailored to suit lenders by avoiding embedded interest rate options.

Suggested Citation

  • Kahan, Marcel & Tuckman, Bruce, 1993. "Private vs. Public Lending: Evidence from Covenants," University of California at Los Angeles, Anderson Graduate School of Management qt1xw4w7sk, Anderson Graduate School of Management, UCLA.
    • Handle: RePEc:cdl:anderf:qt1xw4w7sk
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Valeri V. Nikolaev, 2010. "Debt Covenants and Accounting Conservatism," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(1), pages 137-176, March.
    2. Sadi Ozelge & Anthony Saunders, 2012. "The Role of Lending Banks in Forced CEO Turnovers," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 44(4), pages 631-659, June.
    3. Eric Powers & Sergey Tsyplakov, 2008. "What Is the Cost of Financial Flexibility? Theory and Evidence for Make‐Whole Call Provisions," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 37(3), pages 485-512, September.
    4. Joshua D. Rauh & Amir Sufi, 2010. "Capital Structure and Debt Structure," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 23(12), pages 4242-4280, December.
    5. Simshauser, P. & Gohde, N., 2024. "3-Party Covenant Financing of 'Semi-Regulated' Pumped Hydro Assets," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2425, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    6. Bergman, Nittai & Nicolaievsky, Daniel, 2004. "Investor Protection and the Coasian View," Working papers 4476-04, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Sloan School of Management.
    7. A. Baglioni, 1995. "Incomplete contracts, renegotiation, and the choice between bank loans and public debt issues," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 1(3), pages 257-278.
    8. Mark S. Carey & Mitchell A. Post & Steven A. Sharpe, 1996. "Does corporate lending by banks and finance companies differ? Evidence on specialization in private debt contracting," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 96-25, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    9. Prilmeier, Robert, 2017. "Why do loans contain covenants? Evidence from lending relationships," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 123(3), pages 558-579.
    10. Bergman, Nittai K. & Nicolaievsky, Daniel, 2007. "Investor protection and the Coasian view," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(3), pages 738-771, June.
    11. Nini, Greg & Smith, David C. & Sufi, Amir, 2009. "Creditor control rights and firm investment policy," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(3), pages 400-420, June.
    12. Nemit Shroff, 2017. "Corporate investment and changes in GAAP," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 22(1), pages 1-63, March.
    13. Chatterjee, Chandrani & Shroff, Arpita A. & Sivaramakrishnan, K., 2022. "Debt contracting and the goodwill debate," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 18(2).

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