IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/bis/biswps/682.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Bank business models: popularity and performance

Author

Listed:
  • Rungporn Roengpitya
  • Nikola Tarashev
  • Kostas Tsatsaronis
  • Alan Villegas

Abstract

We allocate banks to distinct business models by experimenting with various combinations of balance sheet characteristics as inputs in cluster analysis. Using a panel of 178 banks for the period 2005-15, we identify a retail-funded and a wholesale-funded commercial banking model that are robust to the choice of inputs. In comparison, a model emphasising trading activities and a universal banking model are less robustly identified. Both commercial banking models exhibit lower cost-to-income ratios and more stable return-on-equity than the trading model. In a reversal of a pre-crisis trend, the crisis aftermath witnessed mainly switches away from wholesale-funded and into retail-funded banking. Over the entire sample period, banks that switched into the retail-funded model saw their return-on-equity improve by 2.5 percentage points on average relative to non-switchers. By contrast, the relative performance of banks switching into the wholesale-funded model deteriorated by 5 percentage points on average.

Suggested Citation

  • Rungporn Roengpitya & Nikola Tarashev & Kostas Tsatsaronis & Alan Villegas, 2017. "Bank business models: popularity and performance," BIS Working Papers 682, Bank for International Settlements.
    • Handle: RePEc:bis:biswps:682
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.bis.org/publ/work682.pdf
    File Function: Full PDF document
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.bis.org/publ/work682.htm
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stiroh, Kevin J. & Rumble, Adrienne, 2006. "The dark side of diversification: The case of US financial holding companies," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(8), pages 2131-2161, August.
    2. Mergaerts, Frederik & Vander Vennet, Rudi, 2016. "Business models and bank performance: A long-term perspective," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 57-75.
    3. Markus Behn & Rainer Haselmann & Vikrant Vig, 2022. "The Limits of Model‐Based Regulation," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 77(3), pages 1635-1684, June.
    4. Ayadi, Rym & De Groen, Willem Pieter, 2014. "Banking Business Models Monitor 2014: Europe," CEPS Papers 9713, Centre for European Policy Studies.
    5. Manganelli, Simone & Altunbas, Yener & Marqués-Ibáñez, David, 2011. "Bank risk during the financial crisis: do business models matter?," Working Paper Series 1394, European Central Bank.
    6. Claessens, Stijn & Coleman, Nicholas & Donnelly, Michael, 2017. ""Low-For-Long†Interest Rates and Banks’ Interest Margins and Profitability: Cross-Country Evidence," CEPR Discussion Papers 11842, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    7. Claudio Borio & Leonardo Gambacorta & Boris Hofmann, 2017. "The influence of monetary policy on bank profitability," International Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(1), pages 48-63, March.
    8. Koepke, Robin, 2015. "What Drives Capital Flows to Emerging Markets? A Survey of the Empirical Literature," MPRA Paper 62770, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Emilia Bonaccorsi di Patti & Francesco Palazzo, 2020. "Bank profitability and macroeconomic conditions: Are business models different?," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 49(2), July.
    2. Valeria Venturelli & Andrea Landi & Riccardo Ferretti & Stefano Cosma & Elisabetta Gualandri, 2021. "How does the financial market evaluate business models? Evidence from European banks," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 50(2), July.
    3. Badunenko, Oleg & Kumbhakar, Subal C. & Lozano‐Vivas, Ana, 2021. "Achieving a sustainable cost-efficient business model in banking: The case of European commercial banks," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 293(2), pages 773-785.
    4. Stefano Cosma & Riccardo Ferretti & Elisabetta Gualandri & Andrea Landi & Valeria Venturelli, 2017. "How Does Financial Market Evaluate Business Models? Evidence From European Banks," Centro Studi di Banca e Finanza (CEFIN) (Center for Studies in Banking and Finance) 17105, Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Economia "Marco Biagi".
    5. Bogdan Căpraru & Iulian Ihnatov & Nicoleta-Livia Pintilie, 2021. "Bank Competition And Risk-Taking In The European Union: Evidence Of A Non-Linear Relationship," Economic Annals, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Belgrade, vol. 66(230), pages 35-66, July – Se.
    6. David Grossmann & Peter Scholz, 2019. "The golden rule of banking: funding cost risks of bank business models," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 20(2), pages 174-196, June.
    7. Simona Galletta & Sebastiano Mazzù, 2019. "Liquidity Risk Drivers and Bank Business Models," Risks, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-18, August.
    8. Leo Haan & Jan Kakes, 2020. "European banks after the global financial crisis: peak accumulated losses, twin crises and business models," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 21(3), pages 197-211, September.
    9. Paul Ovidiu Handro, 2019. "Business Models and Banking Regulation Are Going Forward," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(4), pages 168-178.
    10. Wu, Ji & Chen, Limei & Chen, Minghua & Jeon, Bang Nam, 2020. "Diversification, efficiency and risk of banks: Evidence from emerging economies," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 45(C).
    11. Riccardo Ferretti & Giovanni Gallo & Andrea Landi & Valeria Venturelli, 2018. "Market-Book Ratios of European Banks: What Does Explain the Structural Fall?," Centro Studi di Banca e Finanza (CEFIN) (Center for Studies in Banking and Finance) 0065, Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Economia "Marco Biagi".
    12. Riccardo Ferretti & Giovanni Gallo & Andrea Landi & Valeria Venturelli, 2018. "Market-Book Ratios of European Banks: What Does Explain the Structural Fall?," Centro Studi di Banca e Finanza (CEFIN) (Center for Studies in Banking and Finance) 18011, Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Economia "Marco Biagi".
    13. Leo Haan & Jan Kakes, 0. "European banks after the global financial crisis: peak accumulated losses, twin crises and business models," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 0, pages 1-15.
    14. Nicolas Soenen & Rudi Vander Vennet, 2020. "ECB Monetary Policy and Bank Default Risk," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 20/997, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
    15. Lartey, Theophilus & James, Gregory A. & Danso, Albert & Boateng, Agyenim, 2022. "Bank business models, failure risk and earnings opacity: A short- versus long-term perspective," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    16. Luigi Infante & Stefano Piermattei & Raffaele Santioni & Bianca Sorvillo, 2020. "Diversifying away risks through derivatives: an analysis of the Italian banking system," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 37(2), pages 621-657, July.
    17. Pak, Olga, 2019. "The impact of state ownership and business models on bank stability: Empirical evidence from the Eurasian Economic Union," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 161-175.
    18. Jan Kakes & Rob Nijskens, 2018. "Size of the banking sector: implications for financial stability," DNB Occasional Studies 1606, Netherlands Central Bank, Research Department.
    19. Mr. Selim A Elekdag & Sheheryar Malik & Ms. Srobona Mitra, 2019. "Breaking the Bank? A Probabilistic Assessment of Euro Area Bank Profitability," IMF Working Papers 2019/254, International Monetary Fund.
    20. Massimiliano Affinito & Matteo D'Amato & Raffaele Santioni, 2023. "The evolution of bank fees as a source of income: trends and new business models – evidence from Italy," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 777, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    balance sheet characteristics; cluster analysis; discriminant analysis; model transitions; bank performance;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D20 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - General
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • L21 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Business Objectives of the Firm
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bis:biswps:682. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Martin Fessler (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/bisssch.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.