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Educación, género e informalidad laboral en las áreas urbanas de Colombia

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  • Luis Armando Galvis-Aponte

Abstract

Este documento analiza la informalidad laboral urbana en Colombia, destacando su relación con el nivel educativo, las desigualdades de género y las brechas regionales. Utilizando datos de la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (GEIH) para las veintitrés principales áreas metropolitanas entre 2010 y 2023, se estiman las probabilidades de informalidad mediante un modelo probit con variable endógena, que permite abordar la relación entre la educación y la informalidad laboral empleando variables instrumentales. Los resultados muestran que cada año adicional de educación está asociado con una disminución de más de dos puntos porcentuales en la probabilidad de ser informal. El análisis también revela diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres, con una mayor incidencia de informalidad en las mujeres, especialmente en las regiones Caribe y Pacífica, que enfrentan condiciones económicas más precarias. A pesar de las mejoras en la formalización observadas en los últimos años, las brechas de género y región persisten, destacando la desigualdad estructural en el acceso a empleos formales. Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de implementar políticas públicas que promuevan la formalización del empleo, reduzcan las desigualdades de género y aborden las disparidades regionales, fomentando la inclusión laboral en las áreas más afectadas del país. **** ABSTRACT: This paper examines urban labor informality in Colombia, highlighting its relationship with educational attainment, gender inequalities, and regional disparities. Using data from the Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (GEIH) for the 23 main metropolitan areas between 2010 and 2023, the probabilities of informality are estimated through a probit model with an endogenous variable, which addresses the relationship between education and labor informality by using an instrumental variable approach. The results show that each additional year of education is associated with a reduction of more than two percentage points in the probability of being informal. The analysis also reveals significant differences between men and women, with a higher incidence of informality among women, particularly in the Caribbean and Pacific regions, which face more precarious economic conditions. Despite improvements in formalization observed in recent years, gender and regional disparities persist, underscoring structural inequality in access to formal employment. These findings underline the importance of implementing public policies that promote employment formalization, reduce gender inequalities, and address regional disparities, fostering labor inclusion in the most affected areas of the country.

Suggested Citation

  • Luis Armando Galvis-Aponte, 2024. "Educación, género e informalidad laboral en las áreas urbanas de Colombia," Documentos de trabajo sobre Economía Regional y Urbana 332, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:region:332
    DOI: 10.32468/dtseru.332
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    informalidad; educación; género; economía urbana; labor informality; education; gender; urban economics;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E26 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Informal Economy; Underground Economy
    • I26 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Returns to Education
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • R00 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General - - - General

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