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Situación fiscal en América Latina, 2000-2022

Author

Listed:
  • Gerson Javier Pérez-Valbuena
  • Diana Ricciulli-Marín
  • Jaime Bonet-Morón
  • Gisell Katerine Barrios-Pacheco

Abstract

La política fiscal en América Latina ha jugado un papel clave en la recuperación de la sostenibilidad fiscal y la calidad de vida de la población. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un análisis descriptivo de la posición fiscal de la región y su vínculo con indicadores económicos y sociales. Los resultados revelan una alta prevalencia de los impuestos indirectos, especialmente el impuesto a las ventas y el impuesto al valor agregado (IVA). También se observa que el uso de los instrumentos de recaudación continúa siendo limitado e ineficiente en su capacidad para mejorar el bienestar de la población. A pesar de los avances en la búsqueda de una sostenibilidad macro-fiscal, orientada a ofrecer un mayor bienestar a la población, los sistemas tributarios aún están lejos de cumplir cabalmente sus objetivos de equidad y eficiencia. Algunas de las hipótesis que menciona la literatura como los factores determinantes de estos desalentadores resultados son la presencia de la economía informal, la evasión y la baja calidad del gasto. **** ABSTRACT: Fiscal policy in Latin America has played a key role in the recovery of fiscal sustainability and the enhancement of the population’s quality of life. The objective of this article is to conduct a descriptive analysis of the fiscal position of the region and its link with economic and social indicators. The results reveal a high prevalence of indirect taxes, especially sales tax and value-added tax (VAT). It also highlights the still limited and inefficient use of revenue collection instruments in their aim to improve the population's well-being. Despite the progress made in the search for macro-fiscal sustainability, aimed at offering greater wellbeing to the population, tax systems are still far from meeting their objectives of equity and efficiency. Some of the hypotheses mentioned in the literature as the determining factors of these discouraging results are the presence of informality, evasion, and low quality of spending.

Suggested Citation

  • Gerson Javier Pérez-Valbuena & Diana Ricciulli-Marín & Jaime Bonet-Morón & Gisell Katerine Barrios-Pacheco, 2024. "Situación fiscal en América Latina, 2000-2022," Documentos de trabajo sobre Economía Regional y Urbana 330, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:region:330
    DOI: 10.32468/dtseru.330
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    Keywords

    finanzas públicas; institucionalidad; América Latina; public finances; institutionality; Latin America;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H1 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government
    • H30 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - General
    • O54 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Latin America; Caribbean

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